焦炉煤气为工业尾气的一种，中拓焦炉煤气发电机组为绿色环保事业添砖加瓦。

　　Coke oven gas is a type of industrial exhaust gas, and Zhongtuo coke oven gas power generation units contribute to the green and environmental protection cause.

　　焦炉煤气，又称焦炉气，由于可燃成分多，属于高热值煤气，粗煤气或荒煤气。是指用几种烟煤配制成炼焦用煤，在炼焦炉中经过高温干馏后，在产出焦炭和焦油产品的同时所产生的一种可燃性气体，是炼焦工业的副产品。焦炉气是混合物，其产率和组成因炼焦用煤质量和焦化过程条件不同而有所差别，一般每吨干煤可生产焦炉气300~350m3（标准状态）。其主要成分为氢气（55%~60%）和甲烷（23%~27%），另外还含有少量的一氧化碳（5%~8%）、C2以上不饱和烃（2%~4%）、二氧化碳（1.5%~3%)、氧气(0.3%~0.8%))、氮气(3%~7%)。其中氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、C2以上不饱和烃为可燃组分，二氧化碳、氮气、氧气为不可燃组分。

　　Coke oven gas, also known as coke oven gas, belongs to high calorific value gas, crude gas or raw gas due to its high combustible components. It refers to a combustible gas produced by mixing several types of bituminous coal into coking coal, which is then subjected to high-temperature dry distillation in a coking furnace to produce coke and tar products. It is a byproduct of the coking industry. Coke oven gas is a mixture, and its yield and composition vary depending on the quality of coal used for coking and the conditions of the coking process. Generally, 300-350m3 of coke oven gas can be produced per ton of dry coal (standard state). Its main components are hydrogen (55%~60%) and methane (23%~27%), in addition to a small amount of carbon monoxide (5%~8%), unsaturated hydrocarbons above C2 (2%~4%), carbon dioxide (1.5%~3%), oxygen (0.3%~0.8%), and nitrogen (3%~7%). Among them, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and unsaturated hydrocarbons above C2 are combustible components, while carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen are non combustible components.

　　焦炉气属于中热值气，其热值为每标准立方米17~19MJ，适合用做高温工业炉的燃料和城市煤气。焦炉气含氢气量高，分离后用于合成氨，其它成分如甲烷和乙烯可用做有机合成原料。焦炉气为有毒和易爆性气体，空气中的爆炸极限为6%~30%。焦炉煤气的特点：

　　Coke oven gas belongs to medium calorific value gas, with a calorific value of 17-19MJ per standard cubic meter, suitable for use as fuel for high-temperature industrial furnaces and urban gas. Coke oven gas has a high hydrogen content and is used for the synthesis of ammonia after separation. Other components such as methane and ethylene can be used as organic synthesis raw materials. Coke oven gas is a toxic and explosive gas, with an explosive limit in the air of 6% to 30%. Characteristics of coke oven gas:

　　1、焦炉煤气发热值高16720—18810KJ/m³，可燃成分较高（约90%左右）；2、焦炉煤气是无色有臭味的气体；

　　1. Coke oven gas has a high calorific value of 16720-18810KJ/m³ High combustible content (about 90%); 2. Coke oven gas is a colorless and odorous gas;

　　3、焦炉煤气因含有CO和少量的H2S而有毒；4、焦炉煤气含氢多，燃烧速度快，火焰较短；

　　3. Coke oven gas is toxic due to the presence of CO and small amounts of H2S; 4. Coke oven gas contains more hydrogen, burns quickly, and has a shorter flame;

　　5、焦炉煤气如果净化不好，将含有较多的焦油和萘，就会堵塞管道和管件，给调火工作带来困难；

　　5. If the purification of coke oven gas is not good, it will contain a lot of tar and naphthalene, which will block the pipes and fittings and bring difficulties to the ignition control work;

　　6、着火温度为600~650 ℃。7、焦炉煤气含有H2（55~60%），CH4（23~27%），CO（5~8%），CO2（1.5~3.0%），N2（3~7%），O2（<0.5%），cmhn(2~4%);密度为0.45~0.50 Kg/Nm3。目前，我国焦炭年产量超过4亿t，每年可有近1000×108m3焦炉煤气可作资源型开发利用。主要应用于制甲醇、化肥、发电、制氢、还原铁。

　　6. The ignition temperature is 600~650 ℃. 7. Coke oven gas contains H2（55~60%），CH4（23~27%），CO（5~8%），CO2（1.5~3.0%），N2（3~7%），O2（<0.5%），cmhn(2~4%); The density is 0.45-0.50 Kg/Nm3. At present, China's annual production of coke exceeds 400 million tons, and nearly 1000 × 108m3 of coke oven gas can be used for resource-based development and utilization every year. Mainly used in the production of methanol, fertilizers, power generation, hydrogen production, and reduction of iron.

　　1、焦炉煤气用于生产甲醇

　　1. Coke oven gas is used for producing methanol

　　甲醇是重要的有机化工原料，也是优良的液体燃料，利用焦炉煤气制造甲醇是我国目前焦炉煤气综合利用的主要方式。焦炉煤气中含有25%以上的CH4,，只需将焦炉煤气中的甲烷转化成一定比例的CO和H2， 就能满足合成甲醇的工艺要求。

　　Methanol is an important organic chemical raw material and an excellent liquid fuel. Utilizing coke oven gas to produce methanol is currently the main way for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas in China. Coke oven gas contains more than 25% CH4, and by converting the methane in coke oven gas into a certain proportion of CO and H2, it can meet the process requirements for synthesizing methanol.

　　2、焦炉煤气用于生产化肥

　　2. Coke oven gas is used for the production of fertilizers

　　用焦炉煤气制合成氨也是焦炉煤气综合利用的重要途径之一。数据表明，1720m3焦炉煤气可以生产1t合成氨，进而合成尿素，生产成本低于以天然气或无烟煤为原料的尿素生产工艺，成本优势明显。由于规定尿素为国家免税产品，因此相比甲醇等化工产品来说，经济效益具有较好的优势。

　　Using coke oven gas to produce synthetic ammonia is also one of the important ways for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas. The data shows that 1720m3 coke oven gas can produce 1 ton of synthetic ammonia, which can then be used to synthesize urea. The production cost is lower than that of urea production processes using natural gas or anthracite as raw materials, and the cost advantage is obvious. Due to the regulation that urea is a national duty-free product, it has a better economic advantage compared to chemical products such as methanol.

　　3、焦炉煤气用于发电

　　3. Coke oven gas is used for power generation

　　利用焦炉煤气发电是较为成熟的技术，有：蒸汽发电、燃气轮机发电、内燃机发电、燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电4类。蒸汽机的发电效率最低，不到30%，其次是燃气机发电和内燃机发电，发电效率30%-35%。燃气－蒸汽联合循环发电技术是我国大中型钢铁联合企业正在积极推广的技术，是热能资源的高效梯级综合利用，其发电效率高达45％以上，在兰州厚壁无缝钢管、济钢、 宝钢、太钢等企业得到推广。

　　The use of coke oven gas for power generation is a relatively mature technology, which includes four categories: steam power generation, gas turbine power generation, internal combustion engine power generation, and gas steam combined cycle power generation. The steam engine has the lowest power generation efficiency, less than 30%, followed by gas engine power generation and internal combustion engine power generation, with power generation efficiency of 30% -35%. The gas steam combined cycle power generation technology is actively promoted by large and medium-sized steel joint enterprises in China. It is an efficient cascade comprehensive utilization of thermal energy resources, with a power generation efficiency of over 45%. It has been widely promoted in enterprises such as Lanzhou Thick walled Seamless Steel Tube, Jinan Iron and Steel Group, Baosteel, and Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group.

　　4、焦炉煤气制氢

　　4. Hydrogen production from coke oven gas

　　氢气是最清洁的能源，人类社会的发展目标是实现以氢能为主要能源。由于焦炉煤气含有丰富的氢资源，用焦炉煤气制氢的主要方法是采用变压吸附技术从焦炉煤气中分离氢气。目前，许多大中型焦化企业都在策划设计和建设苯加氢装置，其加氢所需的氢气都将是采用变压吸附技术从焦炉煤气分离而出。焦炉煤气制氢还用于煤焦油加氢，利用催化加氢反应，使分子量高、氢碳比（H/C）低、杂质含量多的煤焦油转化为分子量较低、氢碳比较高，成为优质燃料油组分。

　　Hydrogen is the cleanest energy source, and the development goal of human society is to achieve hydrogen as the main energy source. Due to the abundant hydrogen resources in coke oven gas, the main method of producing hydrogen from coke oven gas is to use pressure swing adsorption technology to separate hydrogen from coke oven gas. At present, many large and medium-sized coking enterprises are planning, designing, and constructing benzene hydrogenation units, and the hydrogen required for hydrogenation will be separated from coke oven gas using pressure swing adsorption technology. Coke oven gas for hydrogen production is also used for coal tar hydrogenation. Through catalytic hydrogenation reactions, coal tar with high molecular weight, low hydrogen to carbon ratio (H/C), and high impurity content is converted into a component of high-quality fuel oil with lower molecular weight and higher hydrogen to carbon ratio.

　　5、焦炉煤气用于生产直接还原铁

　　5. Coke oven gas is used for the production of direct reduced iron

　　传统的炼铁工业完全依靠碳为还原剂，而焦炉煤气中H2和甲烷含量分别为50％和20％，只需将焦炉煤气中甲烷进行热裂解即可获得74％的Ｈ2的和25％的CO，以此作为直接还原生产的还原性气体是非常廉价的，能大大降低炼铁过程炼焦煤和焦炭的消耗。

　　The traditional ironmaking industry relies entirely on carbon as a reducing agent, while the H2 and methane contents in coke oven gas are 50% and 20%, respectively. By thermally cracking the methane in coke oven gas, 74% H2 and 25% CO can be obtained, which is a very inexpensive reducing gas for direct reduction production and can greatly reduce the consumption of coking coal and coke in the ironmaking process.

　　发展煤气化、焦炉煤气加大型化气基竖炉的直接还原工艺是我国直接还原技术发展的总趋势。

　　The development of gasification, coke oven gas and large-scale gas based vertical furnace direct reduction process is the overall trend of direct reduction technology development in China.

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