油田伴生气放空/燃烧皆违规，瓦斯发电机组成环保刚需，早用早合规

　　The venting/burning of associated gas in oil fields is in violation of regulations, and gas generators are essential for environmental protection, with early use and compliance

　　油田伴生气又称油田气，在油田的开采过程中，在油层间会出现伴随石油液体出现的气体，根据有机成烃生油的相关理论，有机质能够转换成气态烃和液态烃，而气态烃有可能溶解于液态烃中，也有可能呈气体状态，存在于油气藏的上部。这两种状态存在的气态烃就称为油田伴生气或伴生气，其主要成分包括甲烷和乙烷等低分子烷烃，还有一定量的丙烷、丁烷、戊烷等。

　　Oilfield associated gas, also known as oilfield gas, is a gas that appears between oil layers during the extraction process. According to the relevant theory of organic hydrocarbon generation, organic matter can be converted into gaseous hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons. Gaseous hydrocarbons may dissolve in liquid hydrocarbons or exist in a gaseous state in the upper part of oil and gas reservoirs. The gaseous hydrocarbons that exist in these two states are called oilfield associated gas or associated gas, and their main components include low molecular weight alkanes such as methane and ethane, as well as certain amounts of propane, butane, pentane, etc.

　　油田伴生气具有非常可观的经济效益，伴生气回收处理就指的是从气流中将乙烷、丙烷、丁烷分离出来，加工成天然气混合液(NGL)或LPG在市场上销售。而以前的做法，是将油田伴生气直接排放到空气中，造成环境的严重污染。

　　Oilfield associated gas has significant economic benefits, and associated gas recovery and treatment refers to the separation of ethane, propane, and butane from the gas flow, processing them into natural gas mixture (NGL) or LPG for sale in the market. The previous practice was to directly discharge oilfield associated gas into the air, causing serious environmental pollution.

　　考虑到油田伴生气对环境的破坏，各个企业将排放出的气体，进行燃烧后再排放，但燃烧后会产生大量的CO?/CO硫化物等物质，同样也会造成环境的污染。所以，从长远角度来看，开发油田伴生气综合回收利用，有利于企业的可持续发展战略，促进人与自然环境的和谐发展。

　　Considering the environmental damage caused by oilfield associated gas, various enterprises will burn the emitted gas before discharging it. However, the combustion will produce a large amount of CO?/CO sulfides and other substances, which will also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, from a long-term perspective, the comprehensive recovery and utilization of associated gas in oil fields is beneficial to the sustainable development strategy of enterprises and promotes the harmonious development between humans and the natural environment.

　　油田伴生气的性质和特点：油田伴生气是伴随原油共生的，与原油同时采出后在集输、储运过程中，从原油中分离出来的天然气。其主要成分为饱和烃，通常是密度比空气低的无色气体，属于甲类易燃气体。但由于油藏的性质、分离的条件、分离环境等因素的影响，使得油田伴生气的组成成分具有很大的差异。目前，油田伴生气轻烃回收装置生产的主要有液化石油气、干气和稳定轻烃三中产品，烃类气体脂肪族链状烃类混合物(烷烃)。回收的伴生气中轻烃数量多，这是伴生气与天然气之间最主要的区别。

　　The nature and characteristics of oilfield associated gas: Oilfield associated gas is natural gas that coexists with crude oil and is separated from crude oil during the gathering, transportation, and storage processes after being extracted simultaneously with crude oil. Its main component is saturated hydrocarbons, which are usually colorless gases with lower density than air and belong to Class A flammable gases. However, due to factors such as the nature of oil reservoirs, separation conditions, and separation environments, the composition of associated gas in oil fields varies greatly. At present, the oil field associated gas light hydrocarbon recovery unit mainly produces three products: liquefied petroleum gas, dry gas, and stable light hydrocarbons, as well as hydrocarbon gas aliphatic chain hydrocarbon mixtures (alkanes). The amount of light hydrocarbons in the recovered associated gas is higher, which is the main difference between associated gas and natural gas.

　　油田伴生气分类：

　　Classification of associated gas in oil fields:

　　1、井场套管气:在油井的生产过程中，天然气会从原油中分离出来，其条件是原油饱和压力比井底压力高。而分离出来的天然气，其中一部分会上升聚集到油井套管中，另一部分会随着液流，进入到抽油泵腔中，而被采出得到的就是油井伴生气。

　　1. Wellsite casing gas: During the production process of oil wells, natural gas is separated from crude oil under the condition that the saturation pressure of crude oil is higher than the bottomhole pressure. And the separated natural gas, some of which will rise and accumulate in the oil well casing, while the other part will enter the pumping chamber with the liquid flow, and the extracted gas is the associated gas of the oil well.

　　2、油罐挥发气:此类气体主要是由联合站沉降脱水罐顶原油罐产生，通过呼吸阀会挥发掉大量的天然气。

　　2. Volatile gas from oil tanks: This type of gas is mainly generated by the original oil tanks on top of the settling and dewatering tanks at the joint station, and a large amount of natural gas will be evaporated through the breathing valve.

　　3、站场伴生气:此类伴生气是增压点、接转站、联合站等站场的缓冲罐或三相分离器分离出来的气体，主要特点是甲烷、乙烷较多，基本不含泥砂等杂质，每个站点的气量在几百到几千立方米不等。

　　3. Station associated gas: This type of associated gas is gas separated from buffer tanks or three-phase separators at boosting points, transfer stations, joint stations, and other stations. Its main characteristics are that it contains a large amount of methane and ethane, and is basically free of impurities such as mud and sand. The gas volume at each station ranges from several hundred to several thousand cubic meters.

　　4、轻烃装置干气:此类气体是轻烃回收装置将石油伴生气中的CO2以上重组分回收后的副产品，主要特点是95%以上为甲烷、乙烷，气体纯净，其作用同天然气。

　　4. Dry gas from light hydrocarbon unit: This type of gas is a byproduct of the recovery of heavy components above CO2 from petroleum associated gas by the light hydrocarbon recovery unit. Its main characteristic is that more than 95% of it is methane and ethane, and the gas is pure. Its function is the same as natural gas.

　　伴生气综合利用：

　　Comprehensive utilization of associated gas:

　　1、干气发电:干气作为燃料的特点是，操作简单、运输方便、燃烧率高。由于不含有灰份等固体杂质，故对环境的污染比较小。目前，各国生产的天然气，约有95%作为燃料。而我国的油田伴生气经回收轻烃后，干气大部分作为了人们生活的使用和油田的电业生产。

　　1. Dry gas power generation: The characteristics of dry gas as fuel are simple operation, convenient transportation, and high combustion rate. Due to the absence of solid impurities such as ash, the pollution to the environment is relatively small. Currently, about 95% of natural gas produced by various countries is used as fuel. After recovering light hydrocarbons from the associated gas in China's oil fields, most of the dry gas is used for people's daily lives and for the electricity production in oil fields.

　　2、为汽车提供燃料:目前，市场上所销售的天然气汽车，其燃料主要压缩、液化两种天然气。其中压缩天然气是一种无色无味、密度比空气轻、燃烧热量高的气体，主要成分是甲烷，极容易燃烧，并且其燃料含碳量比较少，抗爆性好，不会稀释润滑油，能够延长发动机的寿命。

　　2. Providing fuel for automobiles: Currently, the natural gas vehicles sold in the market mainly use compressed and liquefied natural gas as fuel. Compressed natural gas is a colorless and odorless gas with a lighter density than air and higher combustion heat. Its main component is methane, which is extremely easy to burn. Its fuel has a relatively low carbon content, good blast resistance, and does not dilute lubricating oil, which can extend the life of the engine.

　　3、生产化工溶剂:从伴生气中回收的轻油(轻质油的用途、范围、经济效益),因其馏份轻、含硫量低、又不含烯烃，所以是生产化工溶剂的良好原料。

　　3. Production of chemical solvents: Light oil recovered from associated gas (the purpose, scope, and economic benefits of light oil) is a good raw material for the production of chemical solvents due to its light fraction, low sulfur content, and absence of olefins.

　　4、轻烃回收：轻烃回收可以提高天然气的质量，防止天然气在传输过程中发生管道阻塞，从而减少了油气的耗损，有利于降低对环境污染，对于提高天然气的整体社会市场经济效益具有非常重要的作用。

　　4. Light hydrocarbon recovery: Light hydrocarbon recovery can improve the quality of natural gas, prevent pipeline blockage during transmission, reduce oil and gas consumption, and help reduce environmental pollution. It plays a very important role in improving the overall social and market economic benefits of natural gas.

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