焦炉尾气余热发电是缓解环境污染、资源紧张以及创造经济效益的有效途径。通过余热发电理论、技术和经济效益3个方面对焦炉尾气余热发电可行性进行深入探讨。引言能源是国民经济发展的物质基础和原动力。近年来，能源紧缺日渐成为制约经济发展的关键因素，并且化石燃料的大量燃烧造成严重的环境污染和温室效应。以前被忽略的焦炉煤气、垃圾填埋气、煤层气等可燃气体越来越受到人们的重视。合理充分利用这些可燃性资源不仅可以有效缓解能源紧张问题，同时也有利于减轻环境污染问题。1、尾气余热发电的理论可行性1.1焦炉尾气生产与利用现状我国是世界上焦炭生产最大的国家，每年估计大约有2亿t优质煤炭用于生产焦炭。在炼焦生产出焦炭和焦油产品的同时会产生大量的高温烟气，即焦炉尾气。焦炉尾气余热发电是指将这些多余烟气的热量转化为电能的技术。其中，用于发电的余热主要有高温烟气余热、低温余热、冷却介质余热、化学反应余热以及废气、废液余热等七种。余热发电的关键设备是余热锅炉和发电机组，余热锅炉可利用可燃质或废液、废气等工质中的余热作热源，生产蒸汽用于发电。根据相关调查显示，焦炉尾气的余热总资源约占煤炭消耗总量的17％～67％，可利用的余热约占余热总量的60％。合理有效利用焦炉尾气是提高能源利用率，减轻环境污染的一个重要举措。目前，国内对于焦炉尾气余热回收利用的途径很多，主要包括综合利用、直接利用以及余热发电利用。直接利用是指将余热应用于空调暖通或作为动力源等，利用率相对较高，但限于暖通空调季节变化较大或用量较小等特点，以及作为动力用要求相对稳定的负荷的特点，直接利用的方式具有一定的局限性。随着我国对节能减排的支持，对能源的重视以及余热发电技术的日益成熟，余热发电所带来的经济和社会效益越来越受到企业的重视，利用焦炉尾气生产高品质电能逐渐成为余热利用的趋势，有利于提高资源利用率，缓解供电紧张。1.2焦炉尾气余热发电的方式电能是一种使用灵活且方便的高级能。对于焦炉尾气的高温余热，采用余热发电的回收利用方式更符合能及匹配原则。而对于焦炉尾气的低温度余热，在没有热用户的情况下，可以选择的回收方式则是将余热转化为电能后再加以利用。焦炉尾气的余热发电一般有三种方式：一是首先利用余热锅炉产生蒸汽，再通过蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机等发电机组，按背压式循环或凝汽式机组循环发电。二是采用氟利昂等低沸点工质回收低、中温余热，在透平中将产生的氟利昂蒸气等按朗肯循环膨胀做功，带动发电机组发电。三是对于焦炉尾气的高温余热，将其作为燃气轮机工质的热源，经加热、加压等方式推动燃气轮机做功，在带动燃气轮机做功的同时，带动发电机组发电。1.3焦炉尾气发电的特点焦炉尾气余热发电的特点主要表现在五个方面：一是建设期短，一般4台500kW的内燃机发电机建设成总装机容量为2000kW的燃气发电站，建设期为20d左右。二是可以实现焦化厂的双回路供电，利用焦炉尾气余热发电，能够改善焦化厂的供电条件，尤其是供电紧张的焦化厂，可以在外界供电紧张的情况下，保持正常的运行。三是有利于保护环境，焦炉尾气余热的主要成分是氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳等，焦炉尾气余热发电可以变废为宝，减少燃烧排空造成的空气污染，对环境保护具有非常积极的意义。四是方便搬迁，燃气发电机组的体积小，能够方便移动。五是电站规模范围广，发电机组各种功率规格齐全，品种多，焦化厂可根据焦炉尾气的量选择电站规模。2、尾气余热发电的技术可行性2.1焦炉尾气余热发电工艺焦炉尾气余热发电工艺主要包括尾气回收及循环系统、余热锅炉系统、发电机及汽轮机系统三部分。尾气回收系统主要由烟气引导管、烟囱、烟筒遮断阀和烟气的流量控制阀组成，其主要功能是将带冷机烟罩内温度比较高的烟气经余热锅炉引风机产生的额负压引到余热锅炉内，同时避免锅炉外的冷风进入锅炉内。余热锅炉系统是余热回收的核心部分，其主要功能是在余热锅炉受热面上，热量经高温烟气逐级传递到受热面上，生成水蒸气。发电机及汽轮机发电系统的主要作用是将蒸汽携带的热量转化为电能，最终实现将焦炉尾气的余热转化为电能。其中，汽轮发电机组在运行过程中会产生大量的热量，这些热量可通过尾气换热器和热交换器由循环冷却液导出，循环冷却液可通过板式换热器加热外供循环水，对外提供热量。循环冷却水在板式换热器的进口温度为90℃，出口温度为70℃，通过循环冷却水与外供循环水换热，可以将外供水的温度加热到80℃以上，满足冬季供暖和洗浴等要求。有条件的单位可以将发电机组的余热再利用，提供生活生产用蒸汽、热水以及带动中央空调，通过电热综合利用方式，焦炉尾气余热的利用效率可达到70％～85％。2.2焦炉尾气余热发电的设备选用余热锅炉和发电机组的选择是焦炉尾气余热发电系统的关键设备。其中，余热锅炉一般选择立式余热锅炉，其可以彻底解决卧式锅炉内温度场实际分布与锅炉设计温度不相符以及漏风等问题，大大提高锅炉蒸汽产量，废气余热可以得到充分利用。发电机组的选择一般包括内燃机式发电机组、燃气轮机发电机组以及传统的蒸汽轮机发电机组。小型焦化企业可以采用单机容量较小的燃气，一般用于10～20万t以下的焦化企业；中型焦化企业的焦炉煤气发电可选用单机容量稍大的；大型焦化企业的煤气发电可以选用传统锅炉一蒸汽轮机发电机组。3、焦炉尾气余热发电的经济可行性以装机总容量为3200kW的发电站为例(选择8台500GB—RJ)进行分析。3.1主要设备技术指标单台机组功率：400kW机组数量：8台总装机容量：3200kW发电电压：0.4kV发电功率因数：0.9

　　Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation is an effective way to alleviate environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and create economic benefits. Conduct in-depth exploration on the feasibility of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation from three aspects: theory, technology, and economic benefits. Introduction: Energy is the material foundation and driving force for the development of the national economy. In recent years, energy scarcity has become a key factor restricting economic development, and the large-scale combustion of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. Previously overlooked combustible gases such as coke oven gas, landfill gas, and coalbed methane are receiving increasing attention from people. Reasonably and fully utilizing these combustible resources can not only effectively alleviate energy shortages, but also help alleviate environmental pollution problems. 1. Theoretical feasibility of tail gas waste heat power generation 1.1 Current situation of coke oven tail gas production and utilization China is the country with the largest coke production in the world, with an estimated 200 million tons of high-quality coal used for coke production every year. At the same time as coking produces coke and tar products, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, namely coke oven tail gas, is generated. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation refers to the technology of converting the excess heat of these flue gases into electrical energy. Among them, the waste heat used for power generation mainly includes seven types: high-temperature flue gas waste heat, low-temperature waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, and waste gas and waste liquid waste heat. The key equipment for waste heat power generation is the waste heat boiler and generator set. The waste heat boiler can use the waste heat from combustible materials or working fluids such as waste liquid and exhaust gas as a heat source to produce steam for power generation. According to relevant surveys, the total waste heat resources of coke oven exhaust gas account for about 17% to 67% of the total coal consumption, and the available waste heat accounts for about 60% of the total waste heat. Reasonable and effective utilization of coke oven exhaust gas is an important measure to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. At present, there are many ways to recover and utilize the waste heat from coke oven tail gas in China, mainly including comprehensive utilization, direct utilization, and waste heat power generation utilization. Direct utilization refers to the use of waste heat for air conditioning, heating and ventilation, or as a power source, with a relatively high utilization rate. However, due to the characteristics of large seasonal variations or small usage in HVAC, as well as the requirement for relatively stable loads as power, direct utilization has certain limitations. With China's support for energy conservation and emission reduction, emphasis on energy, and the increasing maturity of waste heat power generation technology, the economic and social benefits brought by waste heat power generation are receiving more and more attention from enterprises. The use of coke oven tail gas to produce high-quality electricity has gradually become a trend in waste heat utilization, which is conducive to improving resource utilization efficiency and alleviating power supply shortages. 1.2 The method of using residual heat from coke oven exhaust gas to generate electricity is a flexible and convenient advanced energy source. For the high-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, the recycling and utilization method of waste heat power generation is more in line with the principle of energy and matching. For the low-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, in the absence of heat users, the alternative recovery method is to convert the waste heat into electrical energy and then reuse it. There are generally three ways to generate electricity from the waste heat of coke oven exhaust gas: firstly, steam is generated by a waste heat boiler, and then electricity is generated by a back pressure cycle or condensing unit cycle through a steam turbine or gas turbine generator set. The second is to use low boiling point refrigerants such as Freon to recover low and medium temperature waste heat, and to expand the generated Freon vapor in the turbine according to the Rankine cycle to do work, driving the generator set to generate electricity. The third is to use the high-temperature waste heat from coke oven exhaust gas as a heat source for gas turbine working fluid, and to drive the gas turbine to do work through heating, pressurization, and other methods. While driving the gas turbine to do work, it also drives the generator set to generate electricity. 1.3 Characteristics of Coke Oven Tail Gas Power Generation The characteristics of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation are mainly manifested in five aspects: firstly, the construction period is short. Generally, four 500kW internal combustion engine generators are built into a gas power station with a total installed capacity of 2000kW, and the construction period is about 20 days. The second is to achieve dual circuit power supply for coking plants, utilizing the waste heat of coke oven tail gas to generate electricity, which can improve the power supply conditions of coking plants, especially for those with tight power supply, and can maintain normal operation under external power supply constraints. Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment. The main components of coke oven tail gas waste heat are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, etc. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation can turn waste into treasure, reduce air pollution caused by combustion and exhaust, and have a very positive significance for environmental protection. Fourthly, it is convenient for relocation. The gas generator set has a small volume and can be easily moved. Fifthly, the power station has a wide range of scales, with various power specifications and varieties of generator sets. Coking plants can choose the power station scale according to the amount of coke oven tail gas. 2. Technical feasibility of tail gas waste heat power generation 2.1 Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation process The coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation process mainly includes three parts: tail gas recovery and circulation system, waste heat boiler system, generator and turbine system. The exhaust gas recovery system mainly consists of a flue gas guide pipe, chimney, chimney shut-off valve, and a flow control valve for the flue gas. Its main function is to guide the flue gas with relatively high temperature inside the cooling hood into the waste heat boiler through the negative pressure generated by the induced draft fan of the waste heat boiler, while avoiding cold air from outside the boiler from entering the boiler. The waste heat boiler system is the core part of waste heat recovery, and its main function is to transfer heat to the heating surface of the waste heat boiler step by step through high-temperature flue gas, generating water vapor. The main function of the generator and turbine power generation system is to convert the heat carried by steam into electrical energy, ultimately achieving the conversion of waste heat from coke oven exhaust into electrical energy. Among them, the steam turbine generator unit generates a large amount of heat during operation, which can be exported from the circulating coolant through the exhaust gas heat exchanger and heat exchanger. The circulating coolant can be heated by the plate heat exchanger to provide external circulating water and heat. The inlet temperature of the circulating cooling water in the plate heat exchanger is 90 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70 ℃. By exchanging heat with the externally supplied circulating water, the temperature of the externally supplied water can be heated to above 80 ℃, meeting the requirements of winter heating and bathing. Conditional units can reuse the waste heat from the generator set, provide steam and hot water for daily life and production, and drive central air conditioning. Through the comprehensive utilization of electric and heat, the utilization efficiency of coke oven tail gas waste heat can reach 70% to 85%. The selection of equipment for coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation and the selection of waste heat boilers and generator sets are key equipment for coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation systems. Among them, vertical waste heat boilers are generally selected as waste heat boilers, which can completely solve the problems of temperature distribution in horizontal boilers not matching the design temperature of the boiler and air leakage, greatly improving the steam production of the boiler and fully utilizing the waste heat of exhaust gas. The selection of generator sets generally includes internal combustion engine generator sets, gas turbine generator sets, and traditional steam turbine generator sets. Small coking enterprises can use gas with smaller unit capacity, generally used for coking enterprises with less than 100000 to 200000 tons; Medium sized coking enterprises can choose coke oven gas power generation with slightly larger unit capacity; Large coking enterprises can use traditional boiler steam turbine generator sets for gas power generation. 3. The economic feasibility of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation is analyzed using a power station with a total installed capacity of 3200kW (selecting 8 units of 500GB-RJ) as an example. 3.1 Main equipment technical indicators Single unit power: 400kW Number of units: 8 Total installed capacity: 3200kW Power generation voltage: 0.4kV Power generation factor: 0.9

　　3.2投资概算投资概算见表13.3燃气发电经济性1)年运行成本。在稳定运行状态下，燃气发电机组功率按装机总容量的70％计算，即实际运行功率为2240kW，年发电时间按8000h计算，年发电量为1.792×107kwh。年运行费用包括人员工资与福利、材料及维修费、机油消耗、折旧费等，按测算，年总运行成本为561.05万元。2)年发电收益。电价按0.5(kW)计算，每年发电收益为896万元。3)经济性分析。年收益=年发电收益一年运行成本，即年收益为334.95万元。投资回收期=投资概算／年收益，即投资回报期为1.74年。4、结语焦炉尾气余热发电是我国实施节能减排战略的一项重要举措。利用焦炉尾气余热发电，不仅可以缓解地区用电紧张问题以及焦炉尾气排空造成的环境污染问题，还可以为企业生产提供可靠电源，将剩余电能上网外供，给企业带来经济效益。总之，焦炉尾气余热发电技术对于我国社会经济的发展具有积极的意义。

　　3.2 Investment Estimate The investment estimate is shown in Table 13.3 Gas Power Generation Economy 1) Annual Operating Costs. In a stable operating state, the power of the gas generator set is calculated at 70% of the total installed capacity, which means the actual operating power is 2240kW. The annual power generation time is calculated at 8000h, and the annual power generation is 1.792 × 107kWh. The annual operating expenses include personnel salaries and benefits, material and maintenance costs, oil consumption, depreciation costs, etc. According to calculations, the total annual operating cost is 5.6105 million yuan. 2) Annual power generation revenue. The electricity price is calculated at 0.5 (kW), and the annual power generation revenue is 8.96 million yuan. 3) Economic analysis. Annual revenue=Annual power generation revenue and annual operating cost, which means the annual revenue is 3.3495 million yuan. Investment payback period=investment estimate/annual return, which means the investment return period is 1.74 years. 4. Conclusion: Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation is an important measure for China to implement energy-saving and emission reduction strategies. Utilizing the waste heat of coke oven exhaust gas for power generation can not only alleviate the problem of regional electricity shortage and environmental pollution caused by coke oven exhaust gas discharge, but also provide reliable power for enterprise production, supply surplus electricity to the grid and bring economic benefits to enterprises. In short, the technology of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation has positive significance for the development of China's social economy.

　　本文由 焦炉煤气发电机组   友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.zhongtuopower.cn/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from a coke oven gas generator set For more related knowledge, please click http://www.zhongtuopower.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.