一、启动

　　1、 Start up

　　沼气工程启动之前需要对原料进行必要的前处理，这是保证沼气发酵池正常运行的首要前提条件，其中包括沉砂池、格栅去掉大块杂物，清除浮渣等；用回流液调节进料的pH值；进料浓度应在10%以下，进料液的pH值在7左右。沼气反应器的投料启动非常关键，夏季一般在3-7天，冬季在1-2个月，主要由原料的堆沤程度而定，堆沤的目的是为了调节酸碱度、排放原料内的空气和添加甲烷（沼气）菌进行接种。因此，新池子启动前应先将发酵原料堆沤好或从其他已经正常运行的沼气工程设施中抽取一定的沼渣沼液作为接种物，再投入池内，否则将会延长几倍的启动时间。

　　Before starting the biogas project, it is necessary to perform necessary pre-treatment on the raw materials, which is the primary prerequisite for ensuring the normal operation of the biogas fermentation tank. This includes removing large debris from the sedimentation tank and grid, and removing floating slag; Adjust the pH value of the feed with reflux solution; The feed concentration should be below 10%, and the pH value of the feed solution should be around 7. The feeding and start-up of the biogas reactor are crucial, usually taking 3-7 days in summer and 1-2 months in winter, depending on the degree of composting of the raw materials. The purpose of composting is to regulate the acidity and alkalinity, discharge air from the raw materials, and add methane (biogas) bacteria for inoculation. Therefore, before starting the new pond, the fermentation raw materials should be piled up or a certain amount of biogas slurry should be extracted from other normally operating biogas engineering facilities as inoculum, and then put into the pond, otherwise it will prolong the start-up time by several times.

　　二、运行管理（一）一般要求1、运行管理

　　2、 Operation Management (1) General Requirements 1. Operation Management

　　1）“沼气工程”运行、维护及安全应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。

　　1) The operation, maintenance, and safety of biogas projects should comply with the relevant national standards currently in effect.

　　2） 运行管理人员必须熟悉“沼气工程”处理工艺和设施、设备的运行要求与技术指标，并应持有职业资格证书（沼气生产）。

　　2) The operation management personnel must be familiar with the operation requirements and technical indicators of the "biogas engineering" treatment process, facilities, and equipment, and should hold a professional qualification certificate (biogas production).

　　3）操作人员必须了解本工程处理工艺，熟悉本岗位设施、设备的运行要求和技术指标。

　　3) Operators must understand the processing technology of this project, be familiar with the operational requirements and technical indicators of the facilities and equipment in this position.

　　4）设备启动应做好全面检查和准备工作，确认无误后方可开机运行。

　　4) The equipment should be thoroughly inspected and prepared before starting up, and can only be started and operated after confirming that there are no errors.

　　5）操作人员发现运行异常时，应采取相应措施并及时报告负责人。

　　5) When operators discover abnormal operation, they should take corresponding measures and report to the responsible person in a timely manner.

　　6）各种设施、设备应保持整洁，避免水、泥、气泄漏。

　　6) All facilities and equipment should be kept clean to avoid water, mud, and gas leaks.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）“沼气工程”应建立日常保养、定期维护和大修三级维护保养制度。

　　1) The "biogas project" should establish a three-level maintenance system of daily maintenance, regular maintenance, and major repairs.

　　2）专业维修人员必须熟悉机电设备、处理设施的维修保养计划及检查验收制度。

　　2) Professional maintenance personnel must be familiar with the maintenance plan and inspection and acceptance system for mechanical and electrical equipment and processing facilities.

　　3）锅炉、压力容器等设备重点部件的检修，应由安全劳动部门认可的维修单位负责。

　　3) The maintenance of key components such as boilers and pressure vessels should be carried out by maintenance units recognized by the safety and labor department.

　　4）场内的建、构筑物的避雷、防爆装置的维修应符合气象和消防部门的规定，并申报有关部门定期测试。

　　4) The maintenance of lightning protection and explosion-proof devices for buildings and structures on site should comply with the regulations of meteorological and fire departments, and be reported to relevant departments for regular testing.

　　5）维修人员应按设备使用要求定期检查和更换安全和消防等防护设施、设备。

　　5) Maintenance personnel should regularly inspect and replace safety and fire protection facilities and equipment according to equipment usage requirements.

　　6）应定期检查、紧固设备连接件，定期检查电动阀门的控制元件、手动与电动的联锁装置。

　　6) Regular inspection and fastening of equipment connections should be carried out, and the control components of electric valves and manual and electric interlocking devices should be checked regularly.

　　7）构筑物之间的明渠等应定期清理确保畅通无阻。

　　7) Open channels between structures should be regularly cleaned to ensure unobstructed flow.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）对员工必须进行系统安全教育，应定期进行安全学习。

　　1) Employees must receive systematic security education and regular security learning should be conducted.

　　2）从事电气、锅炉、化验分析等特殊工种的人员，必须通过职业技能、安全技术培训，原则上经鉴定合格并取得相应行业的职业资格证书后方可上岗操作。

　　2) Personnel engaged in special occupations such as electrical, boiler, laboratory analysis, etc. must undergo vocational skills and safety technical training, and in principle, pass the appraisal and obtain the corresponding industry's vocational qualification certificate before they can work.

　　3）运行管理人员必须了解“沼气工程”内的各种有害因素与操作及维修工作的利害关系。

　　3) Operation and management personnel must understand the various harmful factors within the "biogas project" and the interests of operation and maintenance work.

　　4）各岗位操作人员上岗时必须穿戴相应的劳保用品，做好安全卫生工作。

　　4) Operators at all positions must wear appropriate personal protective equipment and ensure safety and hygiene measures are taken when on duty.

　　5）对产生、输送、贮存沼气的设施应做好安全防护，并应符合下列规定：

　　5) Facilities for generating, transporting, and storing biogas should be properly protected and comply with the following regulations:

　　a）严禁沼气泄漏或空气进入厌氧消化器及沼气贮气、配气系统；

　　a) It is strictly prohibited for biogas leakage or air to enter anaerobic digesters and biogas storage and distribution systems;

　　b）严禁违章明火作业；

　　b) Strictly prohibit illegal open flame operations;

　　c）贮气柜蓄水池内的水严禁随意排放，以防罐内产生负压损坏罐体。

　　c) It is strictly prohibited to discharge the water in the gas storage tank at will to prevent negative pressure from damaging the tank.

　　6）凡在对具有有害气体或可燃性气体的构筑物或容器进行放空清理和维修时，应打开入孔与顶盖，采用强制通风措施24小时后。采用活体小动物（鸡）进行有害气体检测无误后检修人员方可进入，池外必须有人进行安全保护防止意外发生。

　　6) When venting, cleaning, and repairing structures or containers containing harmful or flammable gases, the inlet and top cover should be opened, and forced ventilation measures should be taken 24 hours later. After using live small animals (chickens) for harmful gas detection, maintenance personnel can only enter. There must be someone outside the pool for safety protection to prevent accidents from happening.

　　7）电源电压大于或小于额定电压5％时，严禁起动大型电机，电气设备必须可靠接地。

　　7) When the power supply voltage is greater than or less than 5% of the rated voltage, it is strictly prohibited to start large motors, and electrical equipment must be reliably grounded.

　　8）操作电器开关时，应按电工安全用电操作规程进行。

　　8) When operating electrical switches, follow the electrical safety operation procedures for electricians.

　　9）严禁非本岗位人员启、闭，机电设备。

　　9) It is strictly prohibited for non personnel in this position to open or close mechanical and electrical equipment.

　　10）维修各种设备时必须切断电源，并应在控制箱外挂维修警示牌。

　　10) When repairing various equipment, the power must be cut off and a maintenance warning sign should be hung outside the control box.

　　11）在运转中清理机电设备及周围环境卫生时，严禁擦拭设备运转部位，不得将冲洗水溅到电缆头和电机。

　　11) When cleaning the mechanical and electrical equipment and the surrounding environment during operation, it is strictly prohibited to wipe the operating parts of the equipment, and rinse water must not splash onto cable heads and motors.

　　12）操作人员应熟练掌握，并会合理使用灭火器具。

　　12) Operators should be proficient and able to use fire extinguishing equipment reasonably.

　　13）清捞杂物、浮渣及清扫堰口时，应有安全及监护措施。

　　13) Safety and monitoring measures should be taken when clearing debris, floating slag, and cleaning the weir mouth.

　　14）在构筑物上或敞开式池、井边巡视、操作时，应注意安全，雨天或冰雪天气应特别注意防滑。

　　14) When inspecting and operating on structures or open pools and wells, safety should be taken into account, and special attention should be paid to anti slip during rainy or snowy weather.

　　（二）格栅1、运行管理

　　（2） Grille 1. Operation management

　　1）格栅拦截的杂物应及时清除，杂物应采取适当处置措施。

　　1) The debris intercepted by the grille should be promptly removed, and appropriate disposal measures should be taken for the debris.

　　2）采用机械清捞杂物时，应监视机电设备运转情况及渠道液面的变化，发现问题及时处理。

　　2) When using mechanical cleaning to remove debris, the operation of the mechanical and electrical equipment and changes in the channel liquid level should be monitored, and any problems should be promptly addressed.

　　3）畜禽场排污时应每半个小时检查一次格栅的情况，及时清洁格栅。

　　3) When discharging pollutants from livestock and poultry farms, the condition of the grille should be checked every half hour and the grille should be cleaned in a timely manner.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）应定期检修、保养格栅，对于破损的要及时更换。

　　1) The grille should be regularly inspected and maintained, and any damaged ones should be replaced in a timely manner.

　　2）机械格栅机运转结束后应及时清洗格栅机。3、安全操作

　　2) After the operation of the mechanical grid machine is completed, it should be cleaned in a timely manner. 3. Safe operation

　　人工清掏杂物时，应注意防滑。（三）水泵1、运行管理

　　When manually cleaning debris, attention should be paid to anti slip. （3） Pump 1. Operation management

　　1）水泵在运行中，必须严格执行巡回检查制度，并应符合下列规定：

　　1) During operation, the water pump must strictly follow the patrol inspection system and comply with the following regulations:

　　a）应注意观察各种仪表显示是否正常、稳定；

　　a) Attention should be paid to observing whether various instrument displays are normal and stable;

　　b）轴承温升不得超过环境温度35℃，轴承温度最高不得超过75℃；

　　b) The temperature rise of the bearing shall not exceed 35 ℃ of the ambient temperature, and the maximum temperature of the bearing shall not exceed 75 ℃;

　　c）水泵机组不得有异常的噪音或振动；

　　c) The water pump unit shall not have abnormal noise or vibration;

　　d）匀浆集水池应设低水位报警及显示装置。

　　d) The homogenized water collection tank should be equipped with a low water level alarm and display device.

　　2）当选择潜水泵时必须保证泵防水电缆的可靠固定。 3）应及时清除泵叶轮堵塞物。

　　2) When choosing a submersible pump, it is necessary to ensure the reliable fixation of the pump's waterproof cable. 3) The blockage of the pump impeller should be promptly removed.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）定期检查水泵、阀门填料或油封密封情况，并根据需要填加或更换填料、润滑油、润滑脂。

　　1) Regularly check the sealing condition of water pumps, valve packing or oil seals, and add or replace packing, lubricating oil, and grease as needed.

　　2）应定期检修匀浆集水池液位控制器及其信号转换装置。

　　2) Regular maintenance should be carried out on the level controller and signal conversion device of the homogenate collection tank.

　　3）备用泵及相关阀门应每周至少运转、开闭一次。当环境温度低于0℃时，泵停止运转后必须放掉泵壳内的存水。

　　3) The standby pump and related valves should be operated and opened/closed at least once a week. When the ambient temperature is below 0 ℃, the stored water inside the pump casing must be drained after the pump stops running.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）水泵启动或运行时，操作人员不得接触转动部位。

　　1) When the water pump is started or running, the operator must not touch the rotating parts.

　　2）当突然断电或设备发生事故时，应首先切断电源，打开事故排放口闸阀，将进水口处闸阀全部关闭，并及时上报，未排除故障前不得擅自接通电源。

　　2) When there is a sudden power outage or equipment accident, the power should be cut off first, the accident discharge gate valve should be opened, all gate valves at the inlet should be closed, and timely reporting should be made. The power should not be connected without troubleshooting.

　　3）操作人员在水泵运行稳定后，方可离开。

　　3) The operator can only leave after the water pump is running stably.

　　4）严禁频繁启动水泵。

　　4) It is strictly prohibited to frequently start the water pump.

　　5）水泵运行中发现下列情况时，应立即停机：

　　5) When the following situations are found during the operation of the water pump, it should be stopped immediately:

　　a）水泵发生断轴故障；

　　a) The water pump has a broken shaft fault;

　　b）突然发生异常声响；

　　b) Sudden abnormal noise;

　　c）轴承温度过高；

　　c) The bearing temperature is too high;

　　d）电压表、电流表的显示值过低或过高（超过或低于额定电压或电流的5%）；

　　d) The display values of the voltmeter and ammeter are too low or too high (exceeding or falling below 5% of the rated voltage or current);

　　e）机房管线、阀门发生大量漏水；

　　e) There is a large amount of water leakage in the pipelines and valves of the computer room;

　　f）电机发生故障。

　　f) The motor has malfunctioned.

　　（四）固液分离机1、运行管理

　　（4） Solid liquid separator 1. Operation management

　　1）仔细阅读设备安装、使用说明书，按设备使用说明书进行调整、操作、保养。

　　1) Carefully read the equipment installation and usage instructions, and adjust, operate, and maintain according to the equipment usage instructions.

　　2）固液分离机带负荷运行前，应空载试车。

　　2) Before operating the solid-liquid separator with load, a no-load test should be conducted.

　　3）固液分离机在正常工作时应经常检查设备运转情况，根据污水水质、分离后污水水量及时调节进入固液分离机的污水流量。

　　3) During normal operation, the solid-liquid separator should be regularly checked for equipment operation, and the flow rate of wastewater entering the solid-liquid separator should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the quality of wastewater and the amount of wastewater after separation.

　　4）应根据固液分离机分离出的固形物的含水率，按工艺要求调节设备运行参数。

　　4) The operating parameters of the equipment should be adjusted according to the process requirements based on the moisture content of the solid separated by the solid-liquid separator.

　　5）每日工作完毕，应对固液分离机彻底清洗，长期不使用应将污水和废渣彻底清理干净，预防结冻。

　　5) After daily work, the solid-liquid separator should be thoroughly cleaned. If it is not used for a long time, the sewage and waste residue should be thoroughly cleaned to prevent freezing.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）按固液分离机使用说明书的要求定期保养，添加润滑油（脂）。

　　1) Regularly maintain the solid-liquid separator according to the instructions and add lubricating oil (grease).

　　2）固液分离机发生故障或损坏时，应及时维修或更换部件。

　　2) When the solid-liquid separator malfunctions or is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

　　3）当发生过负荷跳闸时，应查找原因，待故障排除后方可重新合闸。

　　3) When an overload trip occurs, the cause should be investigated and the fault should be resolved before closing the circuit again.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）固液分离机运行时，操作人员不得靠近设备旋转部位。

　　1) During the operation of the solid-liquid separator, operators must not approach the rotating parts of the equipment.

　　2）固液分离机运行时，操作人员不得站在出料口的正前方以防料液喷出。

　　2) When the solid-liquid separator is running, the operator must not stand directly in front of the discharge port to prevent the liquid from spraying out.

　　3）固液分离机运行时出现异常现象应立即停机检修。

　　3) If any abnormal phenomena occur during the operation of the solid-liquid separator, it should be immediately shut down for maintenance.

　　4）检修工作必须在停机状态下进行。（五）厌氧消化器1、运行管理

　　4) Maintenance work must be carried out in a shutdown state. （5） Anaerobic digester 1. Operation and management

　　1）无论是在启动或是在正常运行时均要保证厌氧消化器内料液pH值维持在6.8-7.6之间。

　　1) Whether during start-up or normal operation, it is necessary to ensure that the pH value of the feed solution in the anaerobic digester is maintained between 6.8-7.6.

　　2）厌氧消化器投加畜禽粪便污水应按具体工艺要求的数量、浓度和时间间隔进行。

　　2) The addition of livestock and poultry manure wastewater to anaerobic digesters should be carried out according to the specific process requirements in terms of quantity, concentration, and time interval.

　　3）厌氧消化器应维持稳定的中温或近中温（35℃或者25℃左右）的消化温度。采用热交换器加热的，应每日测量热交换器污水进、出口的水温。

　　3) Anaerobic digesters should maintain a stable medium or near medium temperature (around 35 ℃ or 25 ℃) digestion temperature. If a heat exchanger is used for heating, the water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger should be measured daily.

　　4）厌氧消化器的搅拌按工艺要求运行，一般采用沼气搅拌、进料、机械、料液回流等方式来完成。

　　4) The stirring of anaerobic digesters is operated according to process requirements, generally using methods such as biogas stirring, feeding, machinery, and liquid reflux.

　　5）厌氧消化器内料液的pH值、挥发酸、总碱度和温度及内部沼气压力、产气量和沼气成分宜每日监测，并根据监测数据及时调整厌氧消化器运行工况或采取相应措施。

　　5) The pH value, volatile acid, total alkalinity, temperature, internal biogas pressure, gas production, and biogas composition of the feed liquid in the anaerobic digester should be monitored daily, and the operating conditions of the anaerobic digester should be adjusted or corresponding measures should be taken in a timely manner based on the monitoring data.

　　6）厌氧消化器的沼渣应按设计要求定时排出，一般每半年排渣一次。排渣量由污泥层取样口控制。凡是有双阀门处里侧为常开阀门，常开阀应每周开闭一次，以保证阀门始终处于良好的工作状态。

　　6) The sludge from anaerobic digesters should be discharged regularly according to design requirements, usually once every six months. The amount of slag discharge is controlled by the sampling port of the sludge layer. Whenever there are double valves, the inner side should be a normally open valve, which should be opened and closed once a week to ensure that the valve is always in good working condition.

　　7）厌氧消化器溢流管必须保持畅通并应保证厌氧消化器的水封高度，冬季应每日检查。环境温度低于0℃时，应防止水封结冰。

　　7) The overflow pipe of the anaerobic digester must be kept unobstructed and the water seal height of the anaerobic digester should be ensured. It should be checked daily in winter. When the ambient temperature is below 0 ℃, the water seal should be prevented from freezing.

　　8）厌氧消化器放空清理时应符合下列规定：

　　8) The emptying and cleaning of anaerobic digesters should comply with the following regulations:

　　a）放空清理时，应停止进料，关闭厌氧消化器与贮气柜的联接阀门，打开厌氧消化器顶部检修入孔；

　　a) When emptying and cleaning, the feeding should be stopped, the connecting valve between the anaerobic digester and the gas storage tank should be closed, and the top maintenance access hole of the anaerobic digester should be opened;

　　b）工作人员进入厌氧消化器清理时，必须在完全通风换气之后进行操作；

　　b) When personnel enter the anaerobic digester for cleaning, they must operate after complete ventilation and air exchange;

　　c）当厌氧消化器，需长时间停用时，应保持池内水位不低于池体高度的1/2，并定期检查及时补充。2、维护保养

　　c) When the anaerobic digester needs to be stopped for a long time, the water level in the tank should be maintained at not less than 1/2 of the tank height, and regular inspections should be conducted to replenish it in a timely manner. 2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）厌氧消化器本体、各种管道及阀门应每年进行一次检查和维修。

　　1) The anaerobic digester body, various pipelines, and valves should be inspected and repaired once a year.

　　2）厌氧消化器的各种加热设施应经常除垢、清通。

　　2) The various heating facilities of anaerobic digesters should be regularly cleaned and cleared.

　　3）当采用机械搅拌时．轴承应定期检查，添加润滑油，支撑架的连接螺栓应经常检查和紧固。

　　3) When using mechanical mixing, the bearings should be checked regularly, lubricating oil should be added, and the connecting bolts of the support frame should be checked and tightened regularly.

　　4）蒸汽管道、沼气管道的冷凝水应按设计规定定期排放。

　　4) The condensed water from steam pipelines and biogas pipelines should be discharged regularly according to design regulations.

　　5）厌氧消化器，宜3～4年彻底清理、检修一次。

　　5) Anaerobic digesters should be thoroughly cleaned and overhauled every 3-4 years.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）应定期检查厌氧消化器和沼气管道是否漏，保证安全。

　　1) Anaerobic digesters and biogas pipelines should be regularly inspected for leaks to ensure safety.

　　2）厌氧消化器放空清理和维修时，首先关闭通往沼气贮气柜的阀门、停止进料、打开顶部的入孔，此时方可排料清池，待液面降至下部检修入孔以下，再打开下部检修入孔。

　　2) When emptying, cleaning, and repairing the anaerobic digester, first close the valve leading to the biogas storage tank, stop feeding, and open the top inlet. At this time, discharge and clean the tank. Wait until the liquid level drops below the lower maintenance inlet, and then open the lower maintenance inlet.

　　3）进入厌氧消化器内维修时必须采取安全措施，并应有其他人员在池外协作与监护。照明灯必须采用安全电压防爆型灯具。

　　3) When entering the anaerobic digester for maintenance, safety measures must be taken and other personnel should cooperate and supervise outside the tank. The lighting fixtures must use explosion-proof lamps with safe voltage.

　　4）厌氧消化器排泥时，必须保证厌氧消化器与贮气柜的可靠联通。

　　4) When discharging sludge from an anaerobic digester, it is necessary to ensure reliable connection between the digester and the gas storage tank.

　　5）厌氧消化器发生超正、负压时使防爆窗爆裂时，应更换同等厚度、材质的防爆材料，同时应将所有输气管道、相关阀门、溢流管道清通一遍，确保液体、气体管路的畅通后方可将防爆窗封死重新运行。

　　5) When the explosion-proof window of the anaerobic digester bursts due to excessive positive or negative pressure, it should be replaced with explosion-proof materials of the same thickness and material. At the same time, all gas pipelines, related valves, and overflow pipelines should be cleared to ensure the smooth flow of liquid and gas pipelines before the explosion-proof window can be sealed and restarted.

　　6）操作人员在厌氧消化器上巡回检查，上、下梯时应注意防止滑倒及高空坠落造成人身伤害。

　　6) Operators should conduct routine inspections on anaerobic digesters and take precautions to prevent slipping and falling from heights when climbing up and down stairs, which may cause personal injury.

　　7）对于地下式结构的厌氧发酵池，还需注意以下几点：

　　7) For anaerobic fermentation tanks with underground structures, the following points should also be noted:

　　①下池出料、检修时，一定要做好安全防护措施。揭开活动盖后，要先出掉池内部分料液，使进料口、出料口、活动盖三口都通风，并用鼓风的办法迅速排出池内沼气。然后用小动物(青蛙、鸡、鸭、兔等)放入池内，观察10-15分钟，如动物活动正常，方可入池，但必须继续鼓风。如动物出现异常反应，甚至昏迷，表明池内严重缺氧或有残存的毒性气体，这时，严禁人进入池内。每年大出料必须使用机具出料，人不下池，既方便，又安全。

　　① When discharging materials from the pool and conducting maintenance, it is necessary to take safety precautions. After removing the activity cover, it is necessary to first remove the material separation liquid inside the pool, so that the inlet, outlet, and activity cover are all ventilated, and the biogas in the pool is quickly discharged by blowing air. Then put small animals (frogs, chickens, ducks, rabbits, etc.) into the pool and observe for 10-15 minutes. If the animals are active, they can enter the pool, but the air must continue to blow. If animals exhibit abnormal reactions or even coma, it indicates severe hypoxia or residual toxic gases in the pool. At this time, it is strictly prohibited for people to enter the pool. Every year, large discharges must be carried out using machinery, without people leaving the pool, which is both convenient and safe.

　　②下池检修的人员，腋下要拴上牢固结实的安全绳，池外要有身强力壮的人看护。一旦下池人员有头晕、发闷等不舒适的感觉，看护人员要立即拉安全绳，将人救出池外。

　　② The personnel conducting maintenance in the pool should tie a sturdy safety rope under their armpits, and there should be a strong person outside the pool to take care of them. Once the person entering the pool feels uncomfortable such as dizziness or stuffiness, the caregiver should immediately pull the safety rope and rescue the person outside the pool.

　　③揭开活动盖时，不要在沼气池周围点火吸烟。进池出料、维修，只能用手电筒照明或用镜子反光照明，禁止使用明火。

　　③ When removing the activity cover, do not ignite or smoke around the biogas digester. When entering the pool for material discharge and maintenance, only flashlights or mirrors can be used for illumination, and the use of open flames is prohibited.

　　④禁止向池内丢明火，烧余气，防止失火、烧伤或引起池子爆炸。

　　④ Do not throw open flames or burn residual gas into the pool to prevent fire, burns, or explosions.

　　（六）沼气贮气柜1、运行管理

　　（6） Biogas storage tank 1. Operation management

　　1）沼气贮气柜的进、出沼气量和沼气压力，应每班按时观测并做好记录。

　　1) The inflow and outflow of biogas and biogas pressure in the biogas storage tank should be observed and recorded on time every shift.

　　2）低压（湿式、膜式）沼气贮气柜的压力宜为2500帕—4000帕。中高压沼气贮气罐沼气压力宜为0.3兆帕—0.8兆帕。

　　2) The pressure of low-pressure (wet, membrane) biogas storage tanks should be between 2500 Pa and 4000 Pa. The biogas pressure in the medium and high pressure biogas storage tank should be between 0.3 megapascals and 0.8 megapascals.

　　3）湿式沼气贮气柜的水封应保持设计的水位高度，应适时地补充清水；冬季当气温低于0℃时应采取防冻措施。

　　3) The water seal of the wet biogas storage tank should maintain the designed water level height, and clear water should be replenished in a timely manner; When the temperature is below 0 ℃ in winter, anti freezing measures should be taken.

　　4）严禁在沼气湿式贮气柜降至低位时排水。

　　4) It is strictly prohibited to drain water when the wet biogas storage tank is lowered to a low position.

　　5）宜由限位开关控制湿式贮气柜气罩的位置，自动控制沼气压缩机工作。每天观察限位开关工作是否正常。

　　5) It is advisable to use limit switches to control the position of the wet gas storage hood and automatically control the operation of the biogas compressor. Observe daily whether the limit switch is working properly.

　　6）沼气体压缩机工作时应经常巡视、检查。2、维护保养

　　6) The biogas compressor should be regularly inspected and checked during operation. 2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）应定期检查沼气贮气柜、沼气管道及闸阀是否漏气。

　　1) Regularly inspect the biogas storage tank, biogas pipeline, and gate valve for any air leaks.

　　2）沼气贮气柜外表的油漆或涂料应定期重新涂饰（涂饰反射性色彩）。

　　2) The paint or coating on the surface of the biogas storage tank should be regularly repainted (with reflective colors).

　　3）沼气贮气柜的升降设施、进出气阀门应经常检查，添加润滑油（脂）。

　　3) The lifting facilities and inlet and outlet valves of the biogas storage tank should be regularly inspected, and lubricating oil (grease) should be added.

　　4）寒冷地区冬季前应检修沼气贮气柜水封的防冻设施。

　　4) Before winter in cold regions, the anti freezing facilities of the water seal of the biogas storage tank should be inspected.

　　5）贮气柜水封池存水应定期（6个月）更换，当pH值小于6时应及时换水。

　　5) The water seal pool of the gas storage tank should be replaced regularly (every 6 months), and the water should be replaced promptly when the pH value is less than 6.

　　6）沼气贮气柜运行3～5年应彻底维修一次并重新涂饰钟罩防护油漆。

　　6) The biogas storage tank should be thoroughly repaired and repainted with bell jar protective paint every 3-5 years of operation.

　　7）应定期检查湿式贮气柜的限位开关控制。3、安全操作

　　7) The limit switch control of the wet gas storage cabinet should be checked regularly. 3. Safe operation

　　1）工作人员上、下沼气贮气柜巡视、操作或维修时，必须配备防止静电的工作服，并不得穿带铁钉的鞋或高跟鞋。

　　1) When the staff go up and down to inspect, operate or maintain the biogas storage tank, they must be equipped with anti-static work clothes and must not wear shoes with iron nails or high heels.

　　2）抢修沼气贮气柜应制定安全技术方案，由专业施工队伍进行施工。

　　2) A safety technical plan should be developed for the emergency repair of biogas storage tanks, and the construction should be carried out by a professional construction team.

　　3）严禁将沼气贮气柜水封池中的水随意外排。

　　3) It is strictly prohibited to discharge water from the water sealed pool of the biogas storage tank at will.

　　4）冬季要注意水封池及排水阀门的防冻，防止发生负压和正压事故。

　　4) In winter, it is important to pay attention to the anti freezing of water sealed tanks and drainage valves to prevent negative and positive pressure accidents.

　　5）贮气柜的进、出气管应安装阻火器，并应定期拆卸清洗。

　　5) The inlet and outlet pipes of the gas storage cabinet should be equipped with flame arresters and regularly disassembled and cleaned.

　　6）贮气柜的避雷针应在雷雨季节前进行检测、保养。

　　6) The lightning rod of the gas storage cabinet should be inspected and maintained before the thunderstorm season.

　　7）在台风前应打开沼气贮气柜紧急放空阀，将贮气柜降置安全高度。放空管高度应高于1.9米，并加装阻火器。

　　7) Before the typhoon, the emergency vent valve of the biogas storage tank should be opened and the tank should be lowered to a safe height. The height of the vent pipe should be higher than 1.9 meters and a flame arrester should be installed.

　　（七）沼气净化设备1、运行管理

　　（7） Biogas purification equipment 1. Operation management

　　1）定期排除冷凝器中的冷凝水。每日巡查净化系统前后管道沼气压力。

　　1) Regularly remove condensed water from the condenser. Daily inspection of the biogas pressure in the pipeline before and after the purification system.

　　2）净化设备检修时依靠旁通管道维持沼气系统正常运行。

　　2) During the maintenance of purification equipment, the normal operation of the biogas system is maintained by relying on the bypass pipeline.

　　3）沼气脱硫系统在运行过程中，应经常检查脱硫塔的气密性、塔前塔后的沼气压力。

　　3) During the operation of the biogas desulfurization system, the airtightness of the desulfurization tower and the biogas pressure before and after the tower should be regularly checked.

　　4）定期更换（再生）脱硫剂（根据沼气硫化氢的含量确定更换周期），一般脱硫剂完全变成深黑色就可以更换，更换下来的脱硫剂摊开晾在通风干燥处进行再

　　4) Regularly replace (regenerate) the desulfurizer (determine the replacement cycle based on the content of hydrogen sulfide in biogas). Generally, the desulfurizer can be replaced once it has completely turned dark black. The replaced desulfurizer should be spread out and dried in a ventilated and dry place before being replaced

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）定期（每周）对旁路阀门和备用脱硫塔的阀门进行开、闭运转，检查沼气净化系统的气密性。

　　1) Regularly (weekly) open and close the bypass valves and backup desulfurization tower valves, and check the airtightness of the biogas purification system.

　　2）定期（每周）排除沼气净化设备中的冷凝水。

　　2) Regularly (weekly) remove condensate from biogas purification equipment.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）排除沼气净化系统中的冷凝水并应注意防止沼气外溢。

　　1) Eliminate condensed water from the biogas purification system and pay attention to preventing biogas overflow.

　　2）在清洗沼气净化系统时，应打开旁路阀门，并检查阀门是否完全关闭后方可进一步操作，同时应注意防火、防爆及室内通风。

　　2) When cleaning the biogas purification system, the bypass valve should be opened and checked for complete closure before further operation. At the same time, attention should be paid to fire prevention, explosion prevention, and indoor ventilation.

　　3）如果安装了可燃气体警报器，需要定期地（每月）校验。

　　3) If a combustible gas alarm is installed, it needs to be regularly (monthly) calibrated.

　　（八）沼气发电机

　　（8） Biogas generator

　　1）沼气发电机安全使用、维护，参照发电机厂家提供的说明书。

　　1) The safe use and maintenance of biogas generators should refer to the instructions provided by the generator manufacturer.

　　2）每天观察并记录供气管道压力表数值，以便检查沼气压力是否满足发电机要求（一般应保持在2000帕以上）；观察发电机运行过程中相应的仪表参数是否正常。

　　2) Observe and record the pressure gauge value of the gas supply pipeline every day to check whether the biogas pressure meets the requirements of the generator (generally maintained above 2000 Pa); Observe whether the corresponding instrument parameters are normal during the operation of the generator.

　　（九）沼气锅炉 沼气工程配备有沼气壁挂炉或改装的沼气锅炉的，运行管理、维护保养与安全操作等要求参照厂家提供的说明书。

　　（9） For biogas projects equipped with biogas wall mounted boilers or modified biogas boilers, the requirements for operation management, maintenance, and safe operation should refer to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

　　（十）沼气火炬 沼气火炬的运行管理、维护保养与安全操作等要求参照厂家提供的说明书。

　　（10） The operation management, maintenance, and safe operation requirements of biogas torch refer to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

　　（十一）沼气管网

　　（11） Biogas pipeline network

　　1）沼气管道或冷凝水收集器内的冷凝水应定期排放，排水时应防止沼气泄漏。运行中的沼气管道的检修和抢修工作，常是带气作业，因此，要严禁明火，戴好防毒面具。当在沼气管道带气操作时，沼气压力应控制在200-800帕范围之内。带气操作时，必须两人以上，沟槽上留一人观察。

　　1) The condensate in the biogas pipeline or condensate collector should be discharged regularly, and the leakage of biogas should be prevented during drainage. The maintenance and repair work of biogas pipelines in operation is often carried out with gas, therefore, open flames are strictly prohibited and gas masks should be worn. When operating with gas in the biogas pipeline, the biogas pressure should be controlled within the range of 200-800 Pa. When operating with air, two or more people must be present, and one person must be left on the trench to observe.

　　2）对低压沼气管道每月至少两次巡视，对阀井、底下构筑物的定期预防检查应同时进行。主要检查阀井的完好程度，沿线凝水器定期排除以及其他地下设施被沼气污染的程度。在阀井打开时，严禁吸烟、点火、使用非防爆灯等。

　　2) Low pressure biogas pipelines should be inspected at least twice a month, and regular preventive inspections of valve wells and underground structures should be conducted simultaneously. The main inspection is to check the integrity of the valve well, regularly discharge the condenser along the line, and assess the degree of biogas pollution to other underground facilities. Smoking, ignition, and the use of non explosion proof lamps are strictly prohibited when the valve well is opened.

　　3）沼气管道日常维护管理的主要工作之一是管道的检漏。可以根据沼气味的浓淡程度，初步确定出一个大致的漏气范围，采用各种方法进行查找。

　　3) One of the main tasks of daily maintenance and management of biogas pipelines is leak detection. A rough range of gas leakage can be determined based on the intensity of biogas odor, and various methods can be used to search for it.

　　4）巡查检漏的周期、次数应根据管道的运行压力、管材、埋设年限、土质、地下水位、道路的交通量以及以往的漏气记录等全面考虑后决定。巡查检漏工作应有专人负责、长年坚持、形成制度，除平时的检漏外，每隔一定年限还应有重点地、彻底地检漏一次，检漏方法可结合管道的具体情况适当选定。

　　4) The cycle and frequency of inspection and leak detection should be determined after comprehensive consideration of the operating pressure, pipe material, burial period, soil quality, groundwater level, road traffic volume, and past leak records of the pipeline. The inspection and leak detection work should be carried out by a dedicated person, adhered to for a long time, and a system should be established. In addition to regular leak detection, a targeted and thorough leak detection should be conducted every certain period of time. The leak detection method can be selected appropriately based on the specific situation of the pipeline.

　　（十二）沼渣沼液贮存池1、运行管理

　　（12） Storage tank for sludge and slurry 1. Operation and management

　　1）操作人员应每班巡回检查、捞浮渣。

　　1) Operators should conduct patrol inspections and remove floating debris every shift.

　　2）清捞出的浮渣不得露天长期存放，应运至沼渣干化场，待集中处理后用作有机肥基本原料。

　　2) The cleaned floating slag shall not be stored in the open air for a long time. It should be transported to the sludge drying plant and used as the basic raw material for organic fertilizer after centralized treatment.

　　3）正常运转后根据具体情况定期排泥（渣），一般每三个月排渣一次。

　　3) After normal operation, sludge (slag) should be discharged regularly according to the specific situation, usually once every three months.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）连接贮存调节池的管道、沟渠应定期清理。

　　1) The pipelines and ditches connecting the storage and regulation tank should be cleaned regularly.

　　2）贮存调节池应每年放空、清理一次。

　　2) The storage regulating tank should be emptied and cleaned once a year.

　　3）排渣时应检查排渣阀门启、闭状态是否正常。寒冷地区应设置防冻阀门井。

　　3) When discharging slag, check whether the opening and closing status of the slag discharge valve is normal. Antifreeze valve wells should be installed in cold regions.

　　3、安全操作

　　3. Safe operation

　　1）清捞浮渣、清扫堰口时，应注意防滑。

　　1) When removing floating debris and cleaning the weir mouth, attention should be paid to anti slip.

　　2）防止沼液溢流。

　　2) Prevent the overflow of biogas slurry.

　　（十三）控制场所（室）

　　（13） Control location (room)

　　1、运行管理

　　1. Operation management

　　1）操作人员应注意观察各种设备或系统的控制信号是否正常，并进行运行记录，发现故障应立即通知检修人员或运行管理人员。

　　1) Operators should pay attention to observing whether the control signals of various equipment or systems are normal, and make operation records. If any faults are found, maintenance personnel or operation management personnel should be notified immediately.

　　2）按时巡视控制仪器和显示记录仪表，发现异常情况应及时采取措施。

　　2) Regularly inspect control instruments and display recording instruments, and take timely measures if any abnormal situations are found.

　　3）各类检测仪表的传感器、变送器和转换器均应按要求清污除垢。

　　3) The sensors, transmitters, and converters of various detection instruments should be cleaned and scaled as required.

　　4）更换仪表时不得随意变动已布设的检测点。也不得随意拆卸变送器和转换器。

　　4) When replacing the instrument, it is not allowed to arbitrarily change the already set detection points. Do not disassemble the transmitter and converter at will.

　　2、维护保养

　　2. Maintenance and upkeep

　　1）控制屏的维护保养应符合下列规定： a）应保持控制屏内清洁； b）接触器、继电器的接触点应定期检查和更换，定期校验程序控制系统； c）电缆终端的夹钳应定期检查，保证接触紧密和无锈蚀； d）维修工作结束后，应保持电缆排列整齐，分类清楚。

　　1) The maintenance and upkeep of the control screen should comply with the following regulations: a) The interior of the control screen should be kept clean; b) The contact points of contactors and relays should be regularly inspected and replaced, and the program control system should be regularly calibrated; c) The clamp of the cable terminal should be inspected regularly to ensure tight contact and no rust; d) After the maintenance work is completed, the cables should be arranged neatly and classified clearly.

　　2） 仪器、仪表的保养应符合下列规定： a）各部件清洁； b）表盘标尺刻度清晰； c）铭牌、标记、铅封完好； d）定期检查更换防潮剂。

　　2) The maintenance of instruments and meters should comply with the following regulations: a) Cleaning of all components; b) The dial ruler has clear markings; c) The nameplates, markings, and lead seals are intact; d) Regularly inspect and replace moisture-proof agents.

　　3）仪器仪表零部件的清洗应符合下列规定： a）应使用酒精、清洗剂、超声波等进行清洗； b）严禁使用对零部件有损害的清洗剂。

　　3) The cleaning of instrument components should comply with the following regulations: a) Alcohol, cleaning agents, ultrasonic waves, etc. should be used for cleaning; b) It is strictly prohibited to use cleaning agents that can damage components.

　　4） 仪器、仪表中各种元器件、探头、转换器等应定期检修。

　　4) Various components, probes, converters, etc. in instruments and meters should be regularly inspected.

　　5） 仪器、仪表的维修工作应由专业技术人员负责。贵重仪器的维修应与专业维修部门或生产厂家联系处理，不得随意拆卸。

　　5) The maintenance work of instruments and meters should be the responsibility of professional technicians. The maintenance of valuable instruments should be handled by contacting professional maintenance departments or manufacturers, and should not be dismantled arbitrarily.

　　6）列入国家强制检定范围的仪器、仪表，应按时送技术监督部门检定。

　　6) Instruments and meters included in the scope of mandatory national verification should be sent to the technical supervision department for verification on time.

　　3、安全操作 1）非工作人员不得随意进入控制场所（室），控制场所（室）内设备、仪器应由专门人员负责操作。

　　3. Safe operation 1) Non staff members are not allowed to enter the control area (room) at will, and the equipment and instruments inside the control area (room) should be operated by specialized personnel.

　　2）检修必须在设备断电的情况下进行，当发现某个工序故障警报或设备因故障跳闸时，必须立即停机检修，在排除故障后方可重新合闸。

　　2) Maintenance must be carried out when the equipment is powered off. When a fault alarm is detected in a certain process or the equipment trips due to a fault, the machine must be immediately shut down for maintenance. After the fault is eliminated, it can be reconnected.

　　3）应保持控制场所（室）与各工序的联系畅通。检修时应挂检修牌明示。

　　3) Maintain smooth communication between the control area (room) and each process. During maintenance, maintenance signs should be hung to indicate.

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