随着国家环保节能政策的实施，驰放气发电机组冷、热、电分布式能源项目因为其能效高、清洁环保、安全性好、经济效益高等特点而蓬勃发展。在驰放气发电机组冷、热、电分布式能源项目中，驰放气发电机组是其重要的组成部分。驰放气发电机组部分设计好坏关乎着整个项目的成败。前两期我们分别介绍了驰放气发电机组的安装应用设计要点和余热利用设计要点（点击阅读），本期将继续向大家介绍驰放气发电机组消防环保工程设计要点。

　　With the implementation of national environmental protection and energy conservation policies, the distributed energy projects for cooling, heating, and electricity of exhaust gas generators are flourishing due to their high energy efficiency, cleanliness, environmental protection, good safety, and high economic benefits. In the distributed energy project of cold, hot, and electric power generation using venting gas generators, venting gas generators are an important component. The design of the exhaust gas generator set is crucial to the success or failure of the entire project. In the first two issues, we introduced the installation and application design points and waste heat utilization design points of the venting gas generator set respectively (click to read). In this issue, we will continue to introduce the design points of fire protection and environmental protection engineering for venting gas generator sets.

　　本期主讲-消防环保工程设计要点机房通风设计要点降噪系统设计要点消防系统设计要点

　　Key points of fire protection and environmental engineering design in this issue - Key points of ventilation design in computer rooms, key points of noise reduction system design, and key points of fire protection system design

　　1机房通风设计要点机房通风的主要目的有两个：一个是提供发动机燃烧时所需要的新鲜空气；另一个是带走发电机组本身辐射热量，保证机房环境温度。因此正确的机房通风是保证发电机组正常运行的重要条件。在机房通风设计中主要有两个方面：一、足够通风量：足够风量才能带走发电机组辐射的热量，才能保证机房的环境温度。机房通风量计算公式如下：V进 = H/1.099 * 0.017 * Δt? +? V空V排 = H/1.099 * 0.017 * ΔtV进—进风通风量H—发电机组辐射热量Δt—发电机组允许温升(在远置散热系统中通常取15?C )V排—排风通风量??V空—发动机燃烧空气量二、正确的通风路径：从室外进入机房的新鲜空气，应流经发电机、发动机，并与发动机和发电机进行充分热交换后再排出室外。如果流经机房的新鲜空气没有与发电机和发动机进行充分的热交换，就不能带走发电机组辐射的热量，也就起不到通风的效果。

　　The main purpose of computer room ventilation design is twofold: one is to provide fresh air required for engine combustion; Another is to take away the radiation heat from the generator set itself to ensure the ambient temperature of the computer room. Therefore, proper ventilation of the computer room is an important condition for ensuring the normal operation of the generator set. There are two main aspects in the ventilation design of the computer room: first, sufficient ventilation volume: sufficient air volume is necessary to remove the heat radiated by the generator set and ensure the ambient temperature of the computer room. The calculation formula for ventilation volume in the computer room is as follows: V inlet=H/1.099 * 0.017 * Δ t? +V air V exhaust=H/1.099 * 0.017 * Δ tTV intake ventilation rate H - radiant heat of the generator set Δ t - allowable temperature rise of the generator set (usually set at 15 ° C in remote cooling systems) V exhaust ventilation rate?? V air - engine combustion air volume 2. Correct ventilation path: Fresh air entering the engine room from outside should flow through the generator and engine, and undergo sufficient heat exchange with the engine and generator before being discharged outside. If the fresh air flowing through the computer room does not have sufficient heat exchange with the generator and engine, it cannot take away the heat radiated by the generator set, and therefore cannot achieve ventilation effect.

　　2降噪系统设计要点驰放气发电机组在运行时噪声相当大，达到108dBA@1m。长时间一百多分贝的噪音，可能对人的听力造成不可逆转的损害。因此机房降噪工程至关重要。驰放气发电机组的降噪系统有两种设计方式：

　　The key points of noise reduction system design are that the exhaust gas generator set produces considerable noise during operation, achieving 108dBA@1m Long term noise of over 100 decibels may cause irreversible damage to human hearing. Therefore, noise reduction engineering in the computer room is crucial. There are two design methods for the noise reduction system of the exhaust gas generator set:

　　一种是紧贴着发电机组本体搭建静音罩，将驰放气发电机组的整体噪声降低到85 dBA以下；一种是机房降噪设计，使机房外的噪音降低到75 dBA以下。当然也可以两种方式同时采用，这样可以使整体噪声水平控制在一定程度。????

　　One method is to build a soundproof cover closely attached to the generator set body, reducing the overall noise of the exhaust gas generator set to below 85 dBA; One is the noise reduction design of the computer room, which reduces the noise outside the computer room to below 75 dBA. Of course, both methods can be used simultaneously to control the overall noise level to a certain extent.????

　　驰放气发电机组机房的降噪工程设计，主要是针对驰放气发电机组工作时的排气噪声、机械噪声和燃烧噪声、冷却风扇和排风通道噪声、进气噪声等声源，采取减震和隔声措施，限制震动和噪声传播的途径，达到降噪的目的。机房主要降噪设备和降噪设施有：

　　The noise reduction engineering design of the exhaust gas generator room is mainly aimed at the exhaust noise, mechanical noise, combustion noise, cooling fan and exhaust duct noise, intake noise and other sound sources during the operation of the exhaust gas generator set. Shock absorption and sound insulation measures are taken to limit the propagation of vibration and noise and achieve the purpose of noise reduction. The main noise reduction equipment and facilities in the computer room include:

　　1)排烟消音器：驰放气发电机组排烟流速高，噪声大。通常在其排烟路径中加装一级或二级消音器。通过消音器限制排气噪声的传播，减小排气噪音；

　　1) Smoke exhaust muffler: The exhaust flow rate of the exhaust gas generator set is high and the noise is loud. Usually, a primary or secondary muffler is installed in its exhaust path. Limiting the propagation of exhaust noise through mufflers and reducing exhaust noise;

　　2)防火隔声门：为防止声音从机房门处传出，需要安装防火隔声门，并对四周进行密封处理。限制声音的传播途径，减小噪音；

　　2) Fireproof soundproof door: To prevent sound from coming out of the computer room door, it is necessary to install fireproof soundproof doors and seal the surrounding area. Restricting the propagation of sound and reducing noise;

　　3)进排风消音器：为了保证机房足够的新鲜空气的流动，机房需设计进、排风口。在机房进、排风口处安装进排风消音器，减小机房噪音向外传播；

　　3) Inlet and exhaust muffler: In order to ensure sufficient fresh air flow in the computer room, the computer room needs to be designed with inlet and outlet vents. Install intake and exhaust silencers at the air inlet and outlet of the computer room to reduce the outward propagation of noise from the computer room;

　　4)机房四周墙壁及天花隔音板：为了减小机房的噪音混响，采取吸声，隔声措施即对机房四周墙壁及机房顶部进行吸声和隔声处理，防止混响的产生以期达到最好的降噪效果；

　　4) Soundproofing panels on the walls and ceilings around the computer room: In order to reduce the noise reverberation of the computer room, sound absorption and insulation measures are taken, which means that the walls and ceiling around the computer room are treated with sound absorption and insulation to prevent reverberation and achieve the best noise reduction effect;

　　5)进排风百叶窗：为了美观及防止设备腐蚀，进、排风口需加装百叶窗。

　　5) Air intake and exhaust louvers: For aesthetic purposes and to prevent equipment corrosion, louvers need to be installed at the air intake and exhaust ports.

　　3消防系统设计要点消防系统是燃气冷、热、电分布式能源项目必不可少的一个灭火防火保护系统。消防系统包括燃气泄漏检测装置，火焰（烟雾）检测传感器，强制通风装置和气体灭火装置。为什么一定要采用气体灭火装置呢？

　　3 Key points of fire protection system design: The fire protection system is an essential fire extinguishing and fire protection system for gas cooled, hot, and electric distributed energy projects. The fire protection system includes gas leak detection devices, flame (smoke) detection sensors, forced ventilation devices, and gas fire extinguishing devices. Why must gas fire extinguishing devices be used?

　　1)机房内有大量设备，为了确保设备的电子线路不被腐蚀，必须采用无腐蚀作用的气体进行自动灭火。

　　1) There are a large number of equipment in the computer room, and in order to ensure that the electronic circuits of the equipment are not corroded, non corrosive gases must be used for automatic fire extinguishing.

　　2)气体灭火装置性能可靠，不损坏电子设备。

　　2) The gas fire extinguishing device has reliable performance and does not damage electronic equipment.

　　3)气体管道采用暗管方式布置，不会影响机房整体效果。

　　3) The gas pipeline is arranged in a concealed manner, which will not affect the overall effect of the computer room.

　　4)根据机房面积设置钢瓶间大小位置。钢瓶内灭火气体的存储压力建议采用2.5Mpa

　　4) Set the size and position of the steel cylinder room according to the area of the computer room. It is recommended to use a storage pressure of 2.5Mpa for the extinguishing gas inside the steel cylinder

　　机房起火的原因有两个：一个是电气过载或短路引起的，燃烧的主要区域一般在地板下或天花板上。燃烧初期发生浓烟，温度上升相对较慢；一个是燃气泄漏遇到火花，发生爆炸。具有突发性，破坏力大的特点。爆炸范围可能遍布所有区域。针对这两个起火原因，消防系统的设计理念是：

　　There are two reasons for the fire in the computer room: one is caused by electrical overload or short circuit, and the main area of combustion is usually under the floor or ceiling. During the initial stage of combustion, thick smoke occurs and the temperature rises relatively slowly; One is when a gas leak encounters sparks, resulting in an explosion. Characterized by suddenness and great destructive power. The explosion range may cover all areas. The design concept of the fire protection system for these two causes of fire is:

　　1)针对第一种起火原因，由火焰（烟雾）探测器触动的，它会直接发出报警信号，同时按照规定程序，将整个系统关闭。然后关闭防火卷帘，最后触发气体灭火装置。这个时间为10---100秒可设定。消防门可以在任何时间由内部打开，以防止卷帘门关闭之后还有人员留在现场的情况发生。

　　1) For the first cause of fire, triggered by a flame (smoke) detector, it will directly issue an alarm signal and shut down the entire system according to the prescribed procedure. Then close the fireproof roller shutter and finally trigger the gas fire extinguishing device. This time can be set between 10-100 seconds. The fire door can be opened from the inside at any time to prevent personnel from staying on site after the rolling shutter door is closed.

　　2)针对第二种起火原因 ，由燃气泄漏探测器触动的，它会直接关断燃气供应管道的紧急停止阀门和上级阀门。同时发出报警信号，系统紧急停机。然后触发强制排风装置。强制排风扇的电动机应选用防爆电动机。

　　2) For the second cause of fire, triggered by a gas leak detector, it will directly shut off the emergency stop valve and upper level valve of the gas supply pipeline. Simultaneously issue an alarm signal and the system will shut down urgently. Then trigger the forced exhaust device. The motor for the forced exhaust fan should be an explosion-proof motor.

　　3)如果两种情况同时出现，执行装置中，气体灭火器优先运作。

　　3) If both situations occur simultaneously, the gas fire extinguisher will operate first in the execution device.

　　4)当机房内的燃气泄漏后，有可能直接被火花引起爆炸。为了减小这种现象带来的危害，在机房设计时，应设计泄爆墙体即燃气机房的一面墙体应使用轻型材料制作，当机房内发生爆炸时，泄爆墙会首先碎裂，以制掉爆炸时产生的强大压力。泄爆的方向不可对着人员密集的区域。

　　4) When gas leaks in the computer room, it may be directly ignited and cause an explosion. In order to reduce the harm caused by this phenomenon, in the design of the computer room, the explosion-proof wall should be designed, that is, one side of the wall of the gas computer room should be made of lightweight materials. When an explosion occurs in the computer room, the explosion-proof wall will first shatter to suppress the strong pressure generated during the explosion. The direction of explosion should not face densely populated areas.

　　根据消防规范，消防系统组成和实际应用需求，结合以上关于消防系统的说明，在消防系统设计中有以下设计要点：1消防灭火系统的布置1）设置一个气体紧急启动停止按钮，安装在灭火区域的外墙上；2）设置两个声光报警器，安装在灭火区域，内、外各一个；3）设置气体喷放指示灯一个，气体喷放指示灯是由灭火控制器接到气体管路上压力开关动作后的返回信号控制。2消防联动系统设计1）在机房发生一路报警，二路报警及气体喷放三个阶段时，其动作信号应在上一级的消防控制室中反映出来，以便业主的统一管理；2）保证机房消防系统与建筑物原有的报警设备相兼容。实现主控制室内三种状态的输出和显示；3）保证机房消防系统与建筑物报警系统的连接等联动，空调系统与非消防电源的关闭应在气体喷放前30秒时动作。即报警控制器在接到两路报警信号后发出关闭空调机，灭火区域的防火阀及非消防电源的信号。3火灾探测器位置设计1）在地板上，天花板下的区域，安装两种不同灵敏度的感烟探测器；2）地板下安装1个感烟探测器，1个感温探测器。如机房面积较大时，可以顺着动力电缆的走向增加安装传感器；3）天花板上安装1个感烟探测器，1个感温探测器。如机房面积较大时，可以在每一个主要设备上方安装1组传感器。

　　According to fire safety regulations, the composition of the fire protection system, and practical application requirements, combined with the above description of the fire protection system, there are the following design points in the design of the fire protection system: 1) Layout of the fire extinguishing system: 1) Install a gas emergency start stop button on the exterior wall of the fire extinguishing area; 2) Install two sound and light alarms in the fire extinguishing area, one inside and one outside; 3) Set up a gas discharge indicator light, which is controlled by the return signal from the pressure switch on the gas pipeline connected to the fire extinguishing controller. 2. Fire linkage system design: 1) When there are three stages of alarm in the computer room, including one alarm, two alarms, and gas spraying, the action signal should be reflected in the higher-level fire control room for unified management by the owner; 2) Ensure that the fire protection system in the computer room is compatible with the existing alarm equipment in the building. Realize the output and display of three states in the main control room; 3) Ensure the linkage between the fire protection system in the computer room and the building alarm system, and the shutdown of the air conditioning system and non fire power supply should be activated 30 seconds before gas spraying. After receiving two alarm signals, the alarm controller sends signals to turn off the air conditioning unit, fire dampers in the fire extinguishing area, and non fire power sources. 3. Design of fire detector locations: 1) Install two different sensitivity smoke detectors in the areas above and below the floor and ceiling; 2) Install one smoke detector and one temperature detector under the floor. When the area of the computer room is large, sensors can be installed along the direction of the power cables; 3) Install one smoke detector and one temperature detector on the ceiling. When the computer room area is large, one set of sensors can be installed above each main equipment.

　　本期关于驰放气发电机组消防环保工程设计要点已讲解完毕，希望能帮助到工作在驰放气发电机组方面的各位同行。不全或不尽之处敬请各位专家同行指正。希望通过技术交流和讨论，大家能相互学习，共同进步。

　　The key points of fire protection and environmental protection engineering design for venting gas generator sets have been explained in this issue. We hope it can help colleagues working in the field of venting gas generator sets. We kindly ask experts and colleagues to correct any incomplete or incomplete parts. I hope that through technical exchanges and discussions, everyone can learn from each other and make progress together.

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