我国钢铁企业的电力消耗约占全社会总能耗的15%左右，钢铁企业的各类自备电力装置发电量约占总体耗电量的50%，部分钢铁企业可达90%以上。钢铁企业在生产的过程中，会伴生大量的高炉煤气、焦炉煤气和转炉煤气，扣除钢铁生产过程中自用的部分，仍然剩有大量的煤气。利用剩余的煤气发电，是各钢铁企业的共识。如何高效利用这部分煤气资源，降低企业综合能耗成本，增加企业效益和市场竞争力，值得我们认真研究。目前国内大型钢铁企业用煤气来发电的机组，一般是常规BTG发电机组和低热值CCPP（燃气蒸汽联合循环）发电机组，常规发电机组目前使用比较多的是高压、超高压机组、亚临界、超临界机组，而中温中压的机组逐渐淘汰。低热值CCPP机组使用比较多的是 公司产品，其中主要的机型为M701S(DA）、M701S(DA)X，M251S型等，少量使用其他燃气轮机公司的产品。

　　The electricity consumption of China's steel enterprises accounts for about 15% of the total energy consumption of the whole society. The power generation of various self owned power devices of steel enterprises accounts for about 50% of the total electricity consumption, and some steel enterprises can reach more than 90%. During the production process of steel enterprises, a large amount of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas are generated. After deducting the self use part in the steel production process, there is still a large amount of gas left. It is the consensus of various steel enterprises to use surplus gas for power generation. How to efficiently utilize this part of gas resources, reduce the comprehensive energy consumption cost of enterprises, increase enterprise efficiency and market competitiveness is worthy of our serious research. At present, large domestic steel enterprises use coal gas to generate electricity, generally including conventional BTG generator sets and low calorific value CCPP (gas steam combined cycle) generator sets. Conventional generator sets are more commonly used in high-pressure, ultra-high pressure, subcritical, and supercritical units, while medium temperature and medium pressure units are gradually being phased out. The most commonly used low calorific value CCPP units are products from Mitsubishi Corporation in Japan, with the main models being M701S (DA), M701S (DA) X, M251S, etc., and a small amount using products from other gas turbine companies.

　　1 各种煤气发电机组的介绍1.1 常规BTG发电机组常规BTG煤气发电机组，经过了多年的发展，特别是锅炉、汽轮机高参数小型化技术的不断延伸，低热值常规煤气发电经历了五代技术，主要经济指标如下表1：表1 常规BTG煤气发电机组序号项目第一代技术第二代技术第三代技术第四代技术第五代技术1主机参数中温中压或次高温次高压高温高压高温超高压（带中间再热）超高温亚临界超临界2典型机组规模（MW）255035～13580～135135～1503锅炉容量 （t/h）130220130～440260～440420～4804全厂热效率（%）25～2830～32?36～38?40～4143.5～44.55煤气单耗 m?/kWh（760kcal/m?）4.53～4.043.77～3.54?3.14～2.98?2.83～2.762.63～2.54技术的进步推动了煤气发电利用效率的不断提高，亦为钢铁企业煤气发电项目提供了新的技术路线选择。高温超高压中间一次再热发电机组，根据燃煤电厂传统容量参数匹配原则，其主要应用于135MW及以上大型机组。2013年以来，由于节能减排以及装备升级改造任务日益紧迫，以往应用于大型燃煤机组的超高压中间再热技术逐渐向小型化发展，目前国内有40MW、50MW、65MW、80MW、100MW、135MW等级超高压中间再热煤气发电机组。2017年行业内又推出了小型亚临界煤气发电技术，目前国内有80MW、100MW、120MW、135MW等级亚临界煤气发电机组。随着技术的进步，2020年来，行业内开始推出高效超临界煤气发电技术（135MW～150MW），目前145MW级别高效超临界机组已有多台投产或正在建设中。

　　1 Introduction to Various Gas Generator Sets 1.1 Conventional BTG Generator Sets Conventional BTG gas generator sets, after years of development, especially the continuous extension of high parameter miniaturization technology for boilers and steam turbines, low calorific value conventional gas power generation has gone through five generations of technology. The main economic indicators are as follows: Table 1: Number of Conventional BTG Gas Generator Sets Project: First Generation Technology, Second Generation Technology, Third Generation Technology, Fourth Generation Technology, Fifth Generation Technology 1 Main Machine Parameters: Medium Temperature, Medium Pressure or Sub high Temperature, Sub high Pressure, High Temperature, Ultra High Pressure (with intermediate reheating), Ultra High Temperature Subcritical Supercritical 2 Typical Unit Scale (MW) 255035-13580-135135-1503 Boiler Capacity (t/h) 130220130-440260-440420-4804 Whole Plant Thermal efficiency (%) 25~2830~32? 36～38? 40-4143.5-44.55 coal gas unit consumption m?/kWh (760kcal/m?) 4.53-4.043.77-3.54? 3.14～2.98? The progress of technology from 2.83 to 2.762.63 to 2.54 has promoted the continuous improvement of the utilization efficiency of gas power generation, and also provided new technological route choices for gas power generation projects in steel enterprises. High temperature and ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating power generation units, according to the traditional capacity parameter matching principle of coal-fired power plants, are mainly used for large units of 135MW and above. Since 2013, due to the increasingly urgent tasks of energy conservation, emission reduction, and equipment upgrading, the ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating technology previously applied to large coal-fired units has gradually developed towards miniaturization. Currently, there are 40MW, 50MW, 65MW, 80MW, 100MW, and 135MW levels of ultra-high pressure intermediate reheating coal-fired power generation units in China. In 2017, small-scale subcritical gas power generation technology was introduced in the industry. Currently, there are 80MW, 100MW, 120MW, and 135MW levels of subcritical gas power generation units in China. With the advancement of technology, high-efficiency supercritical gas power generation technology (135MW~150MW) has been introduced in the industry since 2020. Currently, multiple 145MW level high-efficiency supercritical units have been put into operation or are under construction.

　　1.2 CCPP发电机组对于燃气蒸汽联合循环发电技术（CCPP），国内外燃气轮机厂家针对钢铁企业低热值煤气特点陆续推出其主流机型，单机联合循环出力在300MW级以下的主要有：三菱公司M701S系列，目前主推的是M701S(DA)、M701S(DA)X两种机型；还有M251S系列（联合循环总功率50MW，效率38%）。安萨尔多公司的AE系列，目前主推的是AE94.2KS机型；GE公司主推的9E系列等。下表2列出了部分CCPP机型的主要技术参数。表2 CCPP机组主要性能参数表序号名称单位三菱安萨尔多GE1燃机型号/M701S(DA)M701S(DA)XAE94.2KS9E系列2CCPP总输出功率MW1501862191703发电效率%4547.346.3444设计燃料热值kJ/m?439643963640～45504396目前国内高炉煤气燃机发电技术以三菱公司市场占有率最高，技术相对成熟，售后维护体系较完善。

　　1.2 CCPP Generator Set For gas steam combined cycle power generation technology (CCPP), domestic and foreign gas turbine manufacturers have successively launched their mainstream models based on the characteristics of low calorific value gas in steel enterprises. The main models with single unit combined cycle output below 300MW are Mitsubishi M701S series, currently mainly promoting M701S (DA) and M701S (DA) X models; There is also the M251S series (combined cycle total power of 50MW, efficiency of 38%). Ansaldo's AE series currently mainly promotes the AE94.2KS model; GE's main products include the 9E series. Table 2 lists the main technical parameters of some CCPP models. Table 2 CCPP Unit Main Performance Parameters Table Number Name Unit Mitsubishi Ansaldo GE1 Gas Turbine Model/M701S (DA) M701S (DA) XAE94.2KS9E Series 2CCPP Total Output Power MW1501862191703 Power Generation Efficiency% 4547.346-3444 Design Fuel Heat Value kJ/m? At present, Mitsubishi Corporation has the highest market share in domestic blast furnace gas turbine power generation technology, with relatively mature technology and a relatively complete after-sales maintenance system.

　　2?发电机组特性比较

　　2. Comparison of generator set characteristics

　　2.1 发电效率CCPP机组效率高，以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X为例，满负荷效率可以达到47.3%，高于常规BTG亚临界机组的40～41%、超临界机组的43.5～44.5%。但是CCPP机组随着负荷率的下降，热效率下降很快，该机型在50%负荷时，热效率相当于常规超高压煤气发电机组，最低负荷40MW时，热效率不如常规高压煤气发电机组。而常规BTG发电机组的热效率，随着负荷率的波动，变化相对较小。所以CCPP机组需要运行在高负荷，煤气保障是刚性的，适合作为稳定的基础煤气资源发电机组，不适合作为煤气调节发电机组。常规BTG机组对于环境温度变化不敏感，但是CCPP机组在夏季高温环境下，因为进入压气机的空气密度变稀薄，压缩机的功耗增加，燃机出力会有一定程度的下降，发电效率也会受到影响。CCPP机组厂用电率在2～4%，而常规BTG煤气机组的厂用电率一般在8%左右。

　　2.1 Power generation efficiency CCPP units have high efficiency. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, the full load efficiency can reach 47.3%, which is higher than the 40-41% of conventional BTG subcritical units and the 43.5-44.5% of supercritical units. However, as the load rate decreases, the thermal efficiency of CCPP units decreases rapidly. At 50% load, the thermal efficiency of this model is equivalent to that of a conventional ultra-high pressure gas generator unit. At a minimum load of 40MW, the thermal efficiency is not as good as that of a conventional high-pressure gas generator unit. The thermal efficiency of conventional BTG generator sets varies relatively little with the fluctuation of load rate. So CCPP units need to operate at high loads, and gas guarantee is rigid, suitable as a stable basic gas resource generator unit, not suitable as a gas regulated generator unit. Conventional BTG units are not sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, but CCPP units experience a certain degree of decrease in gas turbine output and power generation efficiency due to the thinning of air density entering the compressor during high temperatures in summer. The power consumption rate of CCPP units is 2-4%, while the power consumption rate of conventional BTG gas units is generally around 8%.

　　2.2 燃料的适应性及负荷调节CCPP机组运行中，对燃料品质要求高，CCPP机组其输入燃料热值需要保证在800～1200kcal/m?范围，全部使用高炉煤气燃烧一般很难实现满负荷。以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X为例，当燃料热值处于设计点工况（4396kJ/m?）时，效率最高，热值偏离设计热值时，燃机出力会有一定的下降，严重时还会导致机组跳机。而常规的BTG煤气发电机组，对于煤气的适应性较好，可以在高炉煤气、焦炉煤气和转炉煤气之间进行比较有效的切换调节，能适应煤气热值波动带来的影响，煤气品种及流量配比性较CCPP机组好。CCPP机组负荷调节速率相对较低，而常规煤气发电机组负荷调节范围大，变化率快，这方面常规煤气发电机组具有优势，是最佳煤气缓冲用户和保证手段。

　　2.2 Fuel adaptability and load regulation. In the operation of CCPP units, high fuel quality is required, and the input fuel calorific value of CCPP units needs to be ensured to be between 800 and 1200 kcal/m? It is generally difficult to achieve full load using blast furnace gas combustion for the entire range. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, when the fuel calorific value is at the design point operating condition (4396kJ/m?), the efficiency is highest. When the calorific value deviates from the design calorific value, the output of the gas turbine will decrease to a certain extent, and in severe cases, it may even cause the unit to trip. Conventional BTG gas generator sets have good adaptability to gas and can effectively switch and adjust between blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas. They can adapt to the impact of gas calorific value fluctuations and have better gas variety and flow ratio than CCPP units. The load adjustment rate of CCPP units is relatively low, while the load adjustment range of conventional gas generator units is large and the change rate is fast. In this regard, conventional gas generator units have advantages and are the best gas buffering users and guarantee means.

　　2.3 对外供热对外供热方面，常规BTG机组可以容易实现汽轮机抽汽供热，具有优势，而CCPP机组相对劣势。常规BTG机组发电加上供热，按照国家目前的好处归电计算模式，发电热效率会上升，供热量越大，发电热效率越高，可能超过CCPP机组热效率。

　　2.3 External Heating In terms of external heating, conventional BTG units can easily achieve steam turbine extraction heating, which has advantages, while CCPP units are relatively disadvantaged. Conventional BTG units generate electricity and provide heating. According to the current national benefit based calculation model, the thermal efficiency of electricity generation will increase. The larger the heating capacity, the higher the thermal efficiency of electricity generation, which may exceed that of CCPP units.

　　2.4 运行自动化水平从运行便利及自动化程度来看，CCPP机组自动化程度高，运行更轻松，可以实现一键启动，运行人员少。相对常规BTG煤气机组还不能做到一键启动，近期国内常规BTG机组自启停APS技术取得了一定的进展。

　　From the perspective of operational convenience and automation level, CCPP units have a high degree of automation, making operation easier and enabling one click start with fewer operators. Compared to conventional BTG gas units, one key start cannot be achieved yet. Recently, there has been some progress in the self start stop APS technology for conventional BTG units in China.

　　2.5 检修周期及费用CCPP机组的检修周期一般大修间隔时间在2年左右，检修时间约1个月，以三菱公司的M701S(DA)X为例，一次大修费用3500～4000万元。而常规的煤气发电机组，以135MW亚临界机组为例，可以做到大修周期5年，每次大修时间25天，大修费用500～1500万元。检修费用、总发电时间常规机组占有优势。

　　2.5 Maintenance cycle and cost: The maintenance cycle of CCPP units generally has a major overhaul interval of about 2 years and a maintenance time of about 1 month. Taking Mitsubishi's M701S (DA) X as an example, the cost of one major overhaul is 35-40 million yuan. Conventional gas-fired power generation units, such as 135MW subcritical units, can achieve a maintenance cycle of 5 years, with each maintenance lasting 25 days and a maintenance cost of 5 to 15 million yuan. Conventional units have advantages in maintenance costs and total power generation time.

　　2.6 环保方面 CCPP机组烟气环保指标更容易实现，烟气中粉尘、SO2、NOX指标都是按烟气含氧量15%的标准计算的。而常规的煤气发电机组这些环保指标都是按烟气含氧量3%的标准计算，一般需要上脱硫脱硝装置，烟气才能达标排放。由于煤气比较脏，CCPP机组在煤气进燃机之前需要经过湿式电除尘器的处理，不仅可以降低煤气中粉尘的含量，同时也能减少煤气中的无机硫成份。CCPP机组耗水量1.2t/MW左右，与常规发电机组比较低一半。

　　2.6 In terms of environmental protection, CCPP unit flue gas environmental indicators are easier to achieve, and the dust, SO2, and NOX indicators in the flue gas are calculated based on the standard of 15% oxygen content in the flue gas. And the environmental indicators of conventional gas power generation units are calculated based on the standard of 3% oxygen content in flue gas. Generally, desulfurization and denitrification devices are required for the flue gas to meet the emission standards. Due to the relatively dirty nature of the gas, CCPP units require wet electrostatic precipitators to treat the gas before it enters the combustion engine. This not only reduces the dust content in the gas, but also reduces the inorganic sulfur content in the gas. The water consumption of CCPP units is about 1.2t/MW, which is half lower than that of conventional power generation units.

　　2.7 基建方面CCPP机组基建费用较高，以M701S(DA)X机型为例，单位装机投资约5500元/kWh，常规亚临界135MW机组单位装机投资约3000～3500元/kWh。土地占用方面，CCPP机组占地少，常规机组占地多。CCPP机组的核心部件，例如燃燃机高温热部件及煤压机等设备供货严重依赖于进口，并且设备供货期较长，面临着“卡脖子”及进口替代难题。而常规BTG煤气机组技术国内全部掌握，不会受制于人。

　　2.7 In terms of infrastructure, CCPP units have relatively high construction costs. Taking the M701S (DA) X model as an example, the unit installed investment is about 5500 yuan/kWh, while the unit installed investment for conventional subcritical 135MW units is about 3000-3500 yuan/kWh. In terms of land occupation, CCPP units occupy less land, while conventional units occupy more land. The core components of CCPP units, such as high-temperature thermal components of gas turbines and coal compressors, heavily rely on imports for supply, and the equipment supply period is long, facing bottlenecks and import substitution problems. And the conventional BTG gas turbine technology is fully mastered domestically and will not be controlled by others.

　　3?新建发电机组布局原则

　　3. Layout principles for new generator sets

　　3.1 企业有稳定的煤气回收量或有相应的储气柜，在发电机组布局时，根据煤气的总量及变化趋势，CCPP机组装机容量应能够承担消耗大约60～70%的总煤气量，作为煤气刚性用户，高负荷运行，充分发挥CCPP机组热效率高的特点。剩余的煤气根据需要配置亚临界或者超临界常规发电机组，常规机组装机容量应能够消耗总煤气量50%以上，作为煤气调节用户。煤气发电机组总装机容量要有一定的裕量，才能保证在煤气波动，机组检修、故障等状态下，煤气资源不大量放散。可以最大效率地利用煤气发电。

　　3.1 Enterprises have stable gas recovery capacity or corresponding gas storage tanks. When laying out power generation units, the installed capacity of CCPP units should be able to bear approximately 60-70% of the total gas consumption based on the total amount and trend of gas. As a rigid gas user, CCPP units operate at high loads and fully utilize their high thermal efficiency. The remaining gas should be configured with subcritical or supercritical conventional power generation units as needed, and the installed capacity of conventional units should be able to consume more than 50% of the total gas volume as gas regulation users. The total installed capacity of a gas generator set must have a certain margin to ensure that gas resources are not released in large quantities during gas fluctuations, unit maintenance, malfunctions, and other conditions. Gas can be used to generate electricity with maximum efficiency.

　　3.2 如企业有供热需求，应选择可抽汽供热的亚临界或超临界（中间再热）常规煤气机组，这样有利于提高整个机组的综合热效率。

　　3.2 If the enterprise has a heating demand, it should choose subcritical or supercritical (intermediate reheating) conventional gas units that can extract steam for heating, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive thermal efficiency of the entire unit.

　　3.3 煤粉掺烧煤气发电机组，从灵活性消耗煤气资源角度，是比较理想的适应煤气变化机组，如果企业已经有这样的机组，可以通过技术改造，增加煤气掺烧比例，提升煤气调节效果。

　　3.3 Coal powder co fired gas power generation units are ideal for adapting to gas changes from the perspective of flexible consumption of gas resources. If the enterprise already has such units, it can increase the proportion of gas co fired through technological transformation to improve the gas regulation effect.

　　3.4 在新增煤气发电机组的时候，必须进行经济效益的测算，可以根据煤气供应的变化趋势，综合考虑基建费用，发电机组检修时间、费用，煤气柜的布置情况等因素，以数个机组大修周期为计算时间，全面进行综合比较，定量化分析后，才能达到最好的经济性，布局出最佳的煤气发电机组组合。

　　3.4 When adding a new gas generator unit, economic benefits must be calculated. Based on the trend of gas supply changes, factors such as infrastructure costs, generator unit maintenance time and costs, and gas cabinet layout can be comprehensively considered. Multiple unit overhaul cycles should be taken as the calculation time, and comprehensive comparisons and quantitative analysis should be conducted to achieve the best economy and layout of the best gas generator unit combination.

　　综上，钢铁企业煤气利用发电原则就是追求最优的经济效益，在全面分析的基础上做出适合企业自身条件的选择策略。

　　In summary, the principle of utilizing gas for power generation in steel enterprises is to pursue optimal economic benefits and make selection strategies that are suitable for the enterprise's own conditions based on comprehensive analysis.

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