沼气发电机组出现故障时，操作人员应沉着仔细及时地分析故障的特征，并判断其产生的原因。当沼气发电机组运转中出现不正常现象时，可以用“看、听、摸、嗅”等方法综合判断哪一个部位或哪一个系统发生了故障。看：观察各仪表的读数，排气烟色以及水、气、油的变化情况；听：用细长的金属棒或木柄起子作为“听诊器”，观察发动机外表面相应部位“听诊”运动件发出的声音及其变化情况；摸：凭触觉检查配气机构等零件的工作情况和发动机振动情况；嗅：凭嗅觉嗅出发动机出现异常气味的地方。通常沼气发电机组会出现以下问题：

　　When a biogas generator unit malfunctions, the operator should calmly, carefully, and promptly analyze the characteristics of the fault and determine the cause of its occurrence. When abnormal phenomena occur during the operation of the biogas generator set, methods such as "look, listen, touch, smell" can be used to comprehensively determine which part or system has malfunctioned. Observe the readings of various instruments, the color of exhaust smoke, and the changes in water, gas, and oil; Listen: Use a slender metal rod or wooden handle screwdriver as a "stethoscope" to observe the sound and its changes emitted by the corresponding moving parts on the outer surface of the engine; Touch: Check the working condition of components such as the valve train and engine vibration with touch; Smell: Use your sense of smell to detect areas where the engine emits abnormal odors. Usually, biogas generators will encounter the following problems:

　　1.启动困难 出现该故障，首先应检查混合器是否有沼气进入沼气发电机，沼气供给系统是否有故障，检查混合气是否符合质和量的要求。然后检查所有缸线是否跳火，逐步检查点火系统、12V电源系统等是否工作正常，具体步骤如下：1)检查沼气装置或电路是否有故障，ECU电源打开后，减压器电磁阀应有“喀哒”响声。2)检查12V继电器是否良好。3)检查沼气管路是否畅通，阀门是否开启。4)检查钢瓶是否有气。5)检查混合气浓度是否过浓或过稀，调整混合器上的怠速浓度调整螺钉，顺时针混合气加浓，反时针混合气变稀，或加或取一张混合器膜片铜垫片。加铜垫片混合气变稀,减铜垫片混合气变浓。6)检查高压线跳火性能，检查高压线是否漏电。7)检查线束插接件是否可靠。8)检查曲轴转角信号传感器是否良好。9)检查整车电源及电压变换器输出电压是否符合要求。10)检查蓄电瓶电压是否过低、连接是否正常。11)检查火花塞电极间隙是否正常，有无积炭。12)检查空气滤清器是否良好，进气管路是否畅通。13)检查起动机是否工作正常。14)检查ECU是否工作正常。

　　1. Difficulty in starting. If this fault occurs, first check whether the mixer has biogas entering the biogas generator, whether the biogas supply system is faulty, and whether the mixed gas meets the quality and quantity requirements. Then check if all cylinder lines are sparking, gradually check if the ignition system, 12V power system, etc. are working properly. The specific steps are as follows: 1) Check if there is a fault in the biogas device or circuit. After the ECU power is turned on, the pressure regulator solenoid valve should make a "click" sound. 2) Check if the 12V relay is functioning properly. 3) Check if the biogas pipeline is unobstructed and if the valves are open. 4) Check if there is gas in the steel cylinder. 5) Check if the concentration of the mixture is too rich or too thin, adjust the idle concentration adjustment screw on the mixer, increase the concentration of the mixture clockwise and dilute it counterclockwise, or add or remove a copper gasket from the mixer diaphragm. Adding copper gaskets makes the mixture thinner, while reducing copper gaskets makes the mixture thicker. 6) Check the sparking performance of the high-voltage line and check if there is any leakage in the high-voltage line. 7) Check if the wiring harness connectors are reliable. 8) Check if the crankshaft angle signal sensor is functioning properly. 9) Check whether the output voltage of the vehicle power supply and voltage converter meets the requirements. 10) Check if the voltage of the battery is too low and if the connection is normal. 11) Check if the gap between the spark plug electrodes is normal and if there is any carbon buildup. 12) Check if the air filter is in good condition and if the intake pipe is unobstructed. 13) Check if the starter is working properly. 14) Check if the ECU is working properly.

　　2.沼气发电机动力下降首先要按沼气发电机的检查方法排查一下沼气发电机的工作情况，断缸试验，看是否个别缸不工作或工作不好，每缸作比较；有无气缸漏气现象；气门间隙是否正常。在确定上述部位没有故障，判定故障可能发生在沼气装置上。故障排除方法：1)沼气动力阀间隙太小，沼气流量不够，混合气过稀。调整动力阀，国Ⅲ系列沼气发电机的动力阀装在减压器出气口，动力阀有刻度，R(-)方向为减小，L(+)方向为增大。2)检查沼气过滤器有无堵塞。3)检查压力平衡管是否漏气或破损。4)增压中冷系统是否有漏气，检查排气管垫、增压器接口、中冷器、混合器、进气管及各连接硅胶管，增压器有无损害。5)排气管道或三元催化器堵塞，致排气阻力增大。6)检查空气滤清器是否良好，进气管路是否畅通。7)检查沼气步进电机及减压器出气口到混合器之间的管路。8)混合器皮膜破损，不能形成合理的空燃比，更换皮膜。9)中低压减压阀二级阀片行程过小。10)减压器电磁阀阀芯、阀孔是否破损，进气量不够，更换电磁阀。11)检查低减压器的膜片、弹簧、杆杆有无损害。

　　2. When the power of the biogas generator decreases, the first step is to check the working condition of the biogas generator according to the inspection method of the biogas generator. Conduct a cylinder cut-off test to see if any individual cylinders are not working or working poorly, and compare each cylinder; Is there any cylinder leakage; Is the valve clearance normal. After confirming that there is no malfunction in the above parts, it is determined that the malfunction may have occurred in the biogas device. Troubleshooting method: 1) The clearance between the biogas power valve is too small, the biogas flow rate is insufficient, and the mixed gas is too dilute. Adjust the power valve. The power valve of the National III series biogas generator is installed at the outlet of the pressure reducer. The power valve has a scale, with the R (-) direction indicating a decrease and the L (+) direction indicating an increase. 2) Check if the biogas filter is clogged. 3) Check if the pressure balance pipe is leaking or damaged. 4) Check for any air leaks in the intercooler system, including the exhaust pipe gasket, turbocharger interface, intercooler, mixer, intake pipe, and connecting silicone tubes. Also, inspect for any damage to the turbocharger. 5) The exhaust pipe or three-way catalyst is blocked, causing an increase in exhaust resistance. 6) Check if the air filter is in good condition and if the intake pipe is unobstructed. 7) Check the pipeline between the biogas stepper motor and the outlet of the pressure reducer to the mixer. 8) The mixer film is damaged and cannot form a reasonable air-fuel ratio. Replace the film. 9) The stroke of the secondary valve plate of the medium and low pressure reducing valve is too small. 10) Check if the valve core and hole of the pressure reducer solenoid valve are damaged and if the intake volume is insufficient. Replace the solenoid valve. 11) Check for damage to the diaphragm, spring, and rod of the low-pressure regulator.

　　3.耗气量高沼气发电机经过一段时间使用后，出现耗气量过高的现象，这时要全面检查沼气发电机状况。1)检查沼气发电机水温是否低于80℃，使减压器加热不良，或减压器循环水管被堵，造成减压器有结冰，混合气偏浓。2)高低压沼气管线、混合器与节气门连接处、进气管、沼气装置及钢瓶是否漏气。3)空气滤清器是否干净，进气管路是否畅通。4)混合器流量是否调整不当，使混合气过浓。在保证正常启动的情况下，再在混合器膜片上加0.1mm厚铜垫或适当关小功率阀。5)中冷增压沼气发电机减压器出口压力高，最高可达80Kpa，使用检漏液检查沼气出口到进气管之间各部件是否有漏气，用压缩空气检查。6)低压减压器输出压力是否过高。7)检查蓄电池电压是否过低和点火系统是否有故障。8)断缸法检查各缸工作情况。9)所有沼气发电机动力不足，均会引起耗气量增加。上述检查完成后，若仍没有解决沼气耗气量高的问题，则可能是沼气发电机技术状况下降，需要检查气门间隙，各缸的气缸压力。

　　3. After a period of use, if the gas consumption of a biogas generator is too high, a comprehensive inspection of the condition of the biogas generator is necessary. 1) Check if the water temperature of the biogas generator is below 80 ℃, which may cause poor heating of the pressure reducer, or if the circulating water pipe of the pressure reducer is blocked, resulting in icing of the pressure reducer and a concentrated mixture. 2) Are there any leaks in the high and low pressure biogas pipelines, mixer and throttle valve connections, intake pipes, biogas devices, and steel cylinders. 3) Is the air filter clean and is the intake pipe unobstructed. 4) Is the flow rate of the mixer adjusted improperly, causing the mixture to become too rich. Add a 0.1mm thick copper pad on the mixer membrane or turn off the power valve appropriately while ensuring normal start-up. 5) The outlet pressure of the pressure reducer for the intercooled pressurized biogas generator is high, reaching up to 80Kpa. Use a leak detector to check for any leaks in the components between the biogas outlet and the intake pipe, and use compressed air for inspection. 6) Is the output pressure of the low-pressure regulator too high. 7) Check if the battery voltage is too low and if there is a malfunction in the ignition system. 8) Check the working condition of each cylinder using the cylinder cut-off method. 9) All biogas generators with insufficient power will cause an increase in gas consumption. After the above inspection is completed, if the problem of high biogas consumption is still not solved, it may be due to a decrease in the technical condition of the biogas generator, and it is necessary to check the valve clearance and cylinder pressure of each cylinder.

　　4.热车不易启动有时沼气发电机熄火后，马上启动会出现启动困难，这时要检查一下沼气发电机的工作情况，看配气系统、点火系统是否有故障，然后检查下面几项：1)电磁阀过热，阀芯卡滞或磁力下降。2)电控插头是否有接触不良。3)混合器阀芯是否有卡滞现象，使混合气过浓、过稀。4)减压器输出压力是否过高，超出正常值。5)检查受温度影响的部件。

　　4. It is difficult to start a hot car. Sometimes, starting the biogas generator immediately after it stalls may cause difficulty. At this time, it is necessary to check the working condition of the biogas generator, whether there are any faults in the gas distribution system and ignition system, and then check the following items: 1) The solenoid valve is overheated, the valve core is stuck or the magnetic force decreases. 2) Is there any poor contact in the electronic control plug. 3) Is there any sticking phenomenon in the valve core of the mixer, causing the mixture to be too rich or too thin. 4) Is the output pressure of the pressure reducer too high, exceeding the normal value. 5) Check the components affected by temperature.

　　5.电磁阀打不开减压器电磁阀打不开的原因可能是以下几点：1)电源未接通或电磁阀搭铁不好，也可能是电压过低，启动时压降过大，启动时检查电瓶电压，电源变换器输出电压是否有12V。2)磁线圈故障，开启功率不足。3)阀芯通气孔被堵。4)ECU无输出控制信号。5)阀芯和铁心的配合间隙太小，阀芯不能自由滑动。6)阀芯O形圈或橡胶垫损坏。

　　5. The reason why the solenoid valve cannot open the pressure regulator solenoid valve may be the following: 1) The power supply is not connected or the solenoid valve is poorly grounded, or the voltage is too low, resulting in excessive voltage drop during startup. Check the battery voltage and the output voltage of the power converter for 12V during startup. 2) The magnetic coil is faulty, resulting in insufficient startup power. 3) The vent hole of the valve core is blocked. 4) ECU has no output control signal. 5) The clearance between the valve core and the iron core is too small, and the valve core cannot slide freely. 6) The O-ring or rubber gasket of the valve core is damaged.

　　6.怠速不稳沼气发电机怠速运转时，转速忽快忽慢极不稳定。在检查点火系统没有故障的情况下，故障可能发生在燃料供给系统、怠速步进电机失控，此时应重点检查沼气装置及电机。1)进气道是否有漏气现象。2)混合器空燃比调整是否合适。3)混合器阀芯有否卡滞现象。4)混合器膜片是否破损漏气，造成有高速无低速现象。

　　6. Unstable idle speed: When the biogas generator is running at idle speed, the speed fluctuates rapidly and is extremely unstable. If there is no malfunction in the ignition system during inspection, the malfunction may occur in the fuel supply system or the idle stepper motor losing control. At this time, it is important to focus on inspecting the biogas device and motor. 1) Is there any air leakage in the intake duct. 2) Is the air-fuel ratio adjustment of the mixer appropriate. 3) Is there any jamming phenomenon in the mixer valve core. 4) Whether the mixer membrane is damaged and leaking, resulting in high-speed but low-speed phenomena.

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