沼气发电的工艺流程

　　Process flow of biogas power generation

　　一个完整的大中型沼气发电工程，一般来说，包括了原料的收集、预处理、厌氧消化系统、出料的后处理系统、沼气发电系统等。

　　A complete large and medium-sized biogas power generation project generally includes the collection and pretreatment of raw materials, anaerobic digestion system, post-treatment system for discharge, biogas power generation system, etc.

　　(1)原料收集

　　(1) Raw material collection

　　沼气发电需要有充足稳定的原料供应，这也是厌氧消化工艺的基础。用不同的方式收集原料，原料的质量也会存在差异。为了方便就近进行沼气发酵处理，在养殖场或工厂设计时应当根据当地条件合理安排畜禽粪污的收集方式和集中地点。

　　Biogas power generation requires sufficient and stable supply of raw materials, which is also the foundation of anaerobic digestion technology. Collecting raw materials in different ways can result in differences in their quality. In order to facilitate nearby biogas fermentation treatment, the collection methods and centralized locations of livestock and poultry manure should be reasonably arranged according to local conditions when designing farms or factories.

　　(2)原料预处理

　　(2) Raw material pretreatment

　　要对原料进行预处理是因为原料中常混杂有生产作业中的各种杂物，这样做可以减少原料中的悬浮固体含量，便于用泵输送及防止发酵过程中出现故障，而且预处理还可以根据需要做好原料进入消化器前进行的升温或降温工作。

　　Pre treatment of raw materials is necessary because various impurities from production operations are often mixed in the raw materials. This can reduce the suspended solids content in the raw materials, facilitate pump transportation, and prevent malfunctions during the fermentation process. Moreover, pre-treatment can also perform heating or cooling work as needed before the raw materials enter the digester.

　　(3)厌氧消化系统

　　(3) Anaerobic digestion system

　　厌氧消化是一个复杂的过程，可概括为三个阶段。

　　Anaerobic digestion is a complex process that can be summarized into three stages.

　　第一阶段：在水解与细菌发酵的作用下，粪污中的碳水化合物、蛋白质与脂肪转化为单糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、甘油、二氧化碳和氢等。

　　Phase 1: Under the action of hydrolysis and bacterial fermentation, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in feces are converted into monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

　　第二阶段：第一阶段的产物在菌的作用下转化成氢、二氧化碳和乙酸。

　　Second stage: The products of the first stage are converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid under the action of bacteria.

　　第三阶段，通过两组生理物性上不同的产甲烷菌的作用，将氢和二氧化碳转化为甲烷或对乙酸脱羧产生甲烷发酵阶段，脂肪酸在专性厌氧菌-产甲烷菌的作用下转化为CH4和CO2。

　　In the third stage, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted into methane or undergo decarboxylation of acetic acid to produce methane through the action of two groups of methane producing bacteria with different physiological properties. In the fermentation stage, fatty acids are converted into CH4 and CO2 under the action of specialized anaerobic bacteria methanogens.

　　(4)出料的后处理

　　(4) Post processing of discharged materials

　　处理出料的方式多种多样，最简便的方法就是直接施入农田土壤或排入鱼塘当作肥料使用，考虑到施肥的季节性和单位面积的施肥限制等因素，这类工程需要养殖场周边有足够的农田、鱼塘、植物塘等，以便能够完全消纳经厌氧发酵后的沼渣、沼液，使沼气利用工程成为生态农业园区的纽带。

　　There are various ways to handle the discharge, and the simplest method is to directly apply it to farmland soil or discharge it into fish ponds as fertilizer. Considering the seasonality of fertilization and the limitation of fertilization per unit area, such projects require sufficient farmland, fish ponds, plant ponds, etc. around the breeding farm to fully absorb the anaerobic fermented sludge and slurry, making the biogas utilization project a link in the ecological agricultural park.

　　(5)沼气发电系统

　　(5) Biogas power generation system

　　养殖场粪污厌氧消化过程中会产生大量的沼气(主要成分是CH4和CO2)，将沼气进行收集、净化后送入沼气发电机组，在收集、净化、输送系统上布置有温度、气体浓度、流量等测量元件，并布置有安全阀、阻火器等安全设施。进入发电机组的沼气经防爆电磁阀和调压阀进入机组气缸、由火花塞点火，混合气体燃烧做功，带动发电机发电。经变压器升压后并入城市电网，做功后的废气经机组排气口排出。

　　During the anaerobic digestion process of manure in aquaculture farms, a large amount of biogas (mainly composed of CH4 and CO2) is generated. The biogas is collected and purified before being sent to a biogas generator set. Temperature, gas concentration, flow rate and other measuring elements are arranged on the collection, purification and transportation systems, and safety facilities such as safety valves and flame arresters are also installed. The biogas entering the generator set enters the unit cylinder through the explosion-proof solenoid valve and pressure regulating valve, and is ignited by the spark plug. The mixed gas burns and does work, driving the generator to generate electricity. After being stepped up by a transformer and connected to the urban power grid, the exhaust gas after doing work is discharged through the exhaust port of the unit.

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