沼气发电机组的核心发电方式为内燃机发电，该技术通过沼气在发动机气缸内的燃烧做功，直接驱动发电机产生电能。其工艺流程简洁高效，已成为沼气能源化利用的主流技术路径。

　　The core power generation method of biogas generator set is internal combustion engine power generation. This technology directly drives the generator to generate electricity by burning biogas in the engine cylinder to do work. Its process is simple and efficient, and has become the mainstream technological path for the energy utilization of biogas.

　　一、内燃机发电系统构成

　　1、 Composition of internal combustion engine power generation system

　　沼气供给模块：

　　Biogas supply module:

　　沼气经脱硫、脱水、除尘预处理后，通过稳压阀组维持压力稳定在5-10kPa，确保发动机进气平稳。

　　After desulfurization, dehydration, and dust removal pretreatment, biogas is maintained at a stable pressure of 5-10kPa through a pressure regulating valve group to ensure smooth engine intake.

　　燃气计量装置实时监测流量，与发动机负载形成闭环控制，空燃比精准控制在1:10-1:12区间。

　　The gas metering device monitors the flow rate in real-time and forms a closed-loop control with the engine load, accurately controlling the air-fuel ratio in the range of 1:10-1:12.

　　四冲程发动机：

　　Four stroke engine:

　　进气冲程：沼气与空气混合气被吸入气缸，电子节气门开度由ECU根据负荷需求动态调节。

　　Intake stroke: The mixture of biogas and air is sucked into the cylinder, and the electronic throttle opening is dynamically adjusted by the ECU according to the load demand.

　　压缩冲程：活塞上行压缩混合气，压缩比达12:1，温度升至400-500℃，为点火做准备。

　　Compression stroke: The piston moves upwards to compress the mixture, with a compression ratio of 12:1, and the temperature rises to 400-500 ℃, preparing for ignition.

　　做功冲程：火花塞在压缩终点前15°曲轴转角点火，燃烧速度达30m/s，推动活塞下行输出机械功。

　　Power stroke: The spark plug ignites at a crankshaft angle of 15 ° before the end of compression, with a combustion speed of 30m/s, pushing the piston downwards to output mechanical work.

　　排气冲程：废气温度约600-700℃，经三元催化转化器处理，氮氧化物排放低于200ppm。

　　Exhaust stroke: The exhaust gas temperature is about 600-700 ℃, and after being treated by a three-way catalytic converter, the nitrogen oxide emissions are less than 200ppm.

　　发电与并网单元：

　　Power generation and grid connected units:

　　永磁同步发电机将机械能转为电能，输出电压400V/690V，频率50Hz，波形畸变率低于3%。

　　The permanent magnet synchronous generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, with an output voltage of 400V/690V, a frequency of 50Hz, and a waveform distortion rate of less than 3%.

　　并网控制器通过锁相环技术实现相位同步，冲击电流控制在0.5倍额定电流以内，确保平稳并网。

　　The grid connected controller achieves phase synchronization through phase-locked loop technology, and the impulse current is controlled within 0.5 times the rated current to ensure smooth grid connection.

　　二、内燃机发电技术优势

　　2、 Advantages of Internal Combustion Engine Power Generation Technology

　　高效能量转化：

　　Efficient energy conversion:

　　沼气热值利用效率达38%，较燃气轮机高12个百分点，单位体积沼气发电量提升25%。

　　The utilization efficiency of biogas calorific value reaches 38%, which is 12 percentage points higher than that of gas turbines, and the power generation per unit volume of biogas is increased by 25%.

　　余热回收系统捕获缸套水及烟气热量，总能源利用率突破85%，相当于每立方米沼气额外产出0.6kWh热能。

　　The waste heat recovery system captures cylinder liner water and flue gas heat, with a total energy utilization rate exceeding 85%, equivalent to an additional output of 0.6 kWh of thermal energy per cubic meter of biogas.

　　原料适应性广：

　　Wide adaptability of raw materials:

　　可处理甲烷含量20%-60%的沼气，通过电控系统自动补偿热值波动，负荷突变响应时间小于0.2秒。

　　It can process biogas with a methane content of 20% -60%, and automatically compensate for fluctuations in calorific value through an electronic control system. The response time for sudden load changes is less than 0.2 seconds.

　　适应畜禽粪便、餐厨垃圾、工业有机废水等12类原料产生的沼气，年运行时间可达8000小时以上。

　　Suitable for producing biogas from 12 types of raw materials such as animal manure, kitchen waste, and industrial organic wastewater, with an annual operating time of over 8000 hours.

　　运维成本低廉：

　　Low operation and maintenance costs:

　　模块化设计使核心部件更换时间缩短至4小时内，维护工时较燃气轮机减少60%。

　　Modular design reduces the replacement time of core components to within 4 hours and reduces maintenance hours by 60% compared to gas turbines.

　　润滑油消耗量仅0.15g/kWh，较柴油机降低70%，年维护成本控制在设备投资的3%以内。

　　The consumption of lubricating oil is only 0.15g/kWh, which is 70% lower than that of diesel engines, and the annual maintenance cost is controlled within 3% of equipment investment.

　　三、典型应用场景

　　3、 Typical application scenarios

　　农业领域：

　　In the field of agriculture:

　　万头规模化猪场沼气工程，日产沼气1.2万立方米，通过内燃机发电24万kWh，满足全场用电需求的同时，余热供应猪舍保温。

　　The large-scale pig farm biogas project has a daily output of 12000 cubic meters of biogas and generates 240000 kWh of electricity through internal combustion engines, meeting the electricity demand of the entire farm while supplying waste heat to the pigsty insulation.

　　市政领域：

　　Municipal field:

　　城市污水处理厂采用热电联产模式，处理污泥产生的沼气发电，年供电量达500万kWh，减排二氧化碳1.2万吨。

　　The urban sewage treatment plant adopts the cogeneration mode to generate electricity from the biogas produced by sludge treatment, with an annual power supply of 5 million kWh and a reduction of 12000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

　　工业领域：

　　Industrial sector:

　　酿酒废水处理站沼气发电项目，年替代标准煤2000吨，发电成本低于0.35元/kWh，较市电价格优势显著。

　　The biogas power generation project of the brewing wastewater treatment station replaces 2000 tons of standard coal annually, with a power generation cost of less than 0.35 yuan/kWh, which has a significant advantage over the market electricity price.

　　内燃机发电方式以高效、可靠、经济的特性，成为沼气能源化利用的核心路径。其技术成熟度与经济性优势，使其在农业废弃物处理、市政环保工程及工业可持续发展中发挥关键作用，为构建循环经济体系提供重要支撑。

　　The internal combustion engine power generation method has become the core path for the energy utilization of biogas due to its high efficiency, reliability, and economy. Its technological maturity and economic advantages enable it to play a key role in agricultural waste treatment, municipal environmental protection engineering, and industrial sustainable development, providing important support for building a circular economy system.

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